matplotlib 是一个数学绘图库, 可用来制作简单的图表, 如折线图和散点图等等.
mac
pip3 install --user matplotlib -i https://pypi.mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/simple/
测试 matplotlib
wushanghuideMacBook-Pro:~ wushanghui$ python3
Python 3.8.5 (default, Jul 21 2020, 10:48:26)
[Clang 11.0.3 (clang-1103.0.32.62)] on darwin
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>> import matplotlib
>>>
matplotlib 画廊
查看使用matplotlib制作各种图表, 访问https://matplotlib.org/ 的示例画廊.
mpl_squares.py
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
input_value = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
squares = [1, 4, 9, 16, 25]
plt.plot(input_value, squares, linewidth=5)
plt.title("Square Numbers", fontsize=24)
plt.xlabel('Value', fontsize=14)
plt.ylabel('Square of Value', fontsize=14)
plt.tick_params(axis='both', labelsize=14)
plt.show()
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scatter_squares.py
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
x_values = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
y_values = [1, 4, 9, 16, 25]
plt.scatter(x_values, y_values, s=100)
plt.title("Square Numbers", fontsize=24)
plt.xlabel('Value', fontsize=14)
plt.ylabel('Square of Value', fontsize=14)
plt.tick_params(axis='both', which='major', labelsize=14)
plt.show()
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自动计算数据
scatter_squares2.py
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
x_values = list(range(1, 1001))
y_values = [x**2 for x in x_values]
plt.scatter(x_values, y_values, c=y_values, cmap=plt.cm.Blues, edgecolor='none', s=40)
plt.title("Square Numbers", fontsize=24)
plt.xlabel('Value', fontsize=14)
plt.ylabel('Square of Value', fontsize=14)
plt.tick_params(axis='both', which='major', labelsize=14)
plt.axis([0, 1100, 0, 1100000])
plt.savefig('squares_plot.png', bbox_inches='tight')
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random_walk.py
from random import choice
class RandomWalk:
"""一个生成随机漫步数据的类"""
def __init__(self, num_points=5000):
"""初始化随机漫步的属性"""
self.num_points = num_points
self.x_values = [0]
self.y_values = [0]
def fill_walk(self):
"""计算随机漫步包含的所有点"""
while len(self.x_values) < self.num_points:
x_direction = choice([1, -1])
x_distance = choice([0, 1, 2, 3, 4])
x_step = x_direction * x_distance
y_direction = choice([1, -1])
y_distance = choice([0, 1, 2, 3, 4])
y_step = y_direction * y_distance
if x_step == 0 and y_step == 0:
continue
next_x = self.x_values[-1] + x_step
next_y = self.y_values[-1] + y_step
self.x_values.append(next_x)
self.y_values.append(next_y)
rw_visual.py
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
from random_walk import RandomWalk
while True:
rw = RandomWalk(50000)
rw.fill_walk()
plt.figure(dpi=256, figsize=(10, 6))
point_numbers = list(range(rw.num_points))
plt.scatter(rw.x_values, rw.y_values, c=point_numbers, cmap=plt.cm.Blues, edgecolor='none', s=1)
plt.scatter(0, 0, c='green', edgecolor='none', s=100)
plt.scatter(rw.x_values[-1], rw.y_values[-1], c='red', edgecolor='none', s=100)
plt.axes().get_xaxis().set_visible(False)
plt.axes().get_yaxis().set_visible(False)
plt.show()
keep_running = input("是否再模拟一次随机漫步？（y/n）：")
if keep_running == 'n':
break
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Python3 目录
Original: https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_45847167/article/details/121482132
Author: 逆流者blog
Title: 12. Python3 使用matplotlib绘制图表
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