一、搭建环境
- Ubuntu 21.04
- Neovim 0.4.4
下载 neovim，如遇网络问题可以采用 https://hub.fastgit.org 镜像进行加速下载
curl -LO https://hub.fastgit.org/neovim/neovim/releases/latest/download/nvim.appimage
$ curl -LO https://github.com/neovim/neovim/releases/latest/download/nvim.appimage
为 neovim 添加执行权限
$ chmod +x nvim.appimage
将 neovim 移至 /usr/local/bin 目录下，并重命名为 nvim
$ sudo mv nvim.appimage /usr/local/bin/nvim
测试 neovim 使用
$ nvim
配置 vim 和 vi 使用 nvim（可选）
为 vi 和 vim 添加 nvim 可选项
$ sudo update-alternatives --install /usr/bin/vi vi /usr/local/bin/nvim 30
$ sudo update-alternatives --install /usr/bin/vim vim /usr/local/bin/nvim 30
配置 vi 和 vim 使用 nvim，选择列表中 nvim 对应的序号即可
$ sudo update-alternatives --config vi
$ sudo update-alternatives --config vim
vim-plug是一个极简的 vim 插件管理工具，通过它我们可以非常方便的安装插件。
使用 vim 的安装方式，如遇网络问题可以采用 https://raw.fastgit.org 镜像加速下载
curl -fLo ~/.vim/autoload/plug.vim --create-dirs \
https://raw.fastgit.org/junegunn/vim-plug/master/plug.vim
$ curl -fLo ~/.vim/autoload/plug.vim --create-dirs \
https://raw.githubusercontent.com/junegunn/vim-plug/master/plug.vim
使用 neovim 的安装方式，如遇网络问题可以采用 https://raw.fastgit.org 镜像加速下载
sh -c 'curl -fLo "${XDG_DATA_HOME:-$HOME/.local/share}"/nvim/site/autoload/plug.vim --create-dirs \
https://raw.fastgit.org/junegunn/vim-plug/master/plug.vim'
$ sh -c 'curl -fLo "${XDG_DATA_HOME:-$HOME/.local/share}"/nvim/site/autoload/plug.vim --create-dirs \
https://raw.githubusercontent.com/junegunn/vim-plug/master/plug.vim'
添加 vim-plug的配置到 neovim的配置文件 ~/.config/nvim/init.vim中（ vim配置文件路径为 ~/.vimrc）。
示例：
" ~/.vim/plugged 为插件保存的路径，可自定义
call plug#begin('~/.vim/plugged')
" 用 Plug 命令列出所有需要安装的插件
Plug 'jiangmiao/auto-pairs' " 自动补全括号插件
Plug 'neoclide/coc.nvim', {'branch': 'release'} " lsp语言服务协议
" 结束
call plug#end()
重新加载配置文件通过 :PlugInstall命令来安装插件。
四、开发环境搭建
采用 vim-plug的方式进行安装，在 .vimrc或者 init.vim文件中添加以下内容：
Plug 'neoclide/coc.nvim', {'branch': 'release'}
重新加载配置文件通过 :PlugInstall命令来安装插件。
注：coc.nvim 需要依赖 node， 关于 node 的安装请自行查阅，此处不再赘述。
coc.nvim的配置较为复杂，此处采用默认配置，如有需求可以自行修改。
在 .vimrc或者 init.vim添加以下配置，以使 coc.nvim更好的工作：
" Set internal encoding of vim, not needed on neovim, since coc.nvim using some
" unicode characters in the file autoload/float.vim
set encoding=utf-8
" TextEdit might fail if hidden is not set.
set hidden
" Some servers have issues with backup files, see #649.
set nobackup
set nowritebackup
" Give more space for displaying messages.
set cmdheight=2
" Having longer updatetime (default is 4000 ms = 4 s) leads to noticeable
" delays and poor user experience.
set updatetime=300
" Don't pass messages to |ins-completion-menu|.
set shortmess+=c
" Always show the signcolumn, otherwise it would shift the text each time
" diagnostics appear/become resolved.
if has("nvim-0.5.0") || has("patch-8.1.1564")
" Recently vim can merge signcolumn and number column into one
set signcolumn=number
else
set signcolumn=yes
endif
" Use tab for trigger completion with characters ahead and navigate.
" NOTE: Use command ':verbose imap ' to make sure tab is not mapped by
" other plugin before putting this into your config.
inoremap
\ pumvisible() ? "\" :
\ check_back_space() ? "\" :
\ coc#refresh()
inoremap pumvisible() ? "\" : "\"
function! s:check_back_space() abort
let col = col('.') - 1
return !col || getline('.')[col - 1] =~# '\s'
endfunction
" Use to trigger completion.
if has('nvim')
inoremap coc#refresh()
else
inoremap coc#refresh()
endif
" Make auto-select the first completion item and notify coc.nvim to
" format on enter, could be remapped by other vim plugin
inoremap pumvisible() ? coc#_select_confirm()
\: "\u\\=coc#on_enter()\"
" Use [g and ]g to navigate diagnostics
" Use :CocDiagnostics to get all diagnostics of current buffer in location list.
nmap [g (coc-diagnostic-prev)
nmap ]g (coc-diagnostic-next)
" GoTo code navigation.
nmap gd (coc-definition)
nmap gy (coc-type-definition)
nmap gi (coc-implementation)
nmap gr (coc-references)
" Use K to show documentation in preview window.
nnoremap K :call show_documentation()
function! s:show_documentation()
if (index(['vim','help'], &filetype) >= 0)
execute 'h '.expand('')
elseif (coc#rpc#ready())
call CocActionAsync('doHover')
else
execute '!' . &keywordprg . " " . expand('')
endif
endfunction
" Highlight the symbol and its references when holding the cursor.
autocmd CursorHold * silent call CocActionAsync('highlight')
" Symbol renaming.
nmap rn (coc-rename)
" Formatting selected code.
xmap f (coc-format-selected)
nmap f (coc-format-selected)
augroup mygroup
autocmd!
" Setup formatexpr specified filetype(s).
autocmd FileType typescript,json setl formatexpr=CocAction('formatSelected')
" Update signature help on jump placeholder.
autocmd User CocJumpPlaceholder call CocActionAsync('showSignatureHelp')
augroup end
" Applying codeAction to the selected region.
" Example: aap for current paragraph
xmap a (coc-codeaction-selected)
nmap a (coc-codeaction-selected)
" Remap keys for applying codeAction to the current buffer.
nmap ac (coc-codeaction)
" Apply AutoFix to problem on the current line.
nmap qf (coc-fix-current)
" Map function and class text objects
" NOTE: Requires 'textDocument.documentSymbol' support from the language server.
xmap if (coc-funcobj-i)
omap if (coc-funcobj-i)
xmap af (coc-funcobj-a)
omap af (coc-funcobj-a)
xmap ic (coc-classobj-i)
omap ic (coc-classobj-i)
xmap ac (coc-classobj-a)
omap ac (coc-classobj-a)
" Remap and for scroll float windows/popups.
if has('nvim-0.4.0') || has('patch-8.2.0750')
nnoremap coc#float#has_scroll() ? coc#float#scroll(1) : "\"
nnoremap coc#float#has_scroll() ? coc#float#scroll(0) : "\"
inoremap coc#float#has_scroll() ? "\=coc#float#scroll(1)\" : "\"
inoremap coc#float#has_scroll() ? "\=coc#float#scroll(0)\" : "\"
vnoremap coc#float#has_scroll() ? coc#float#scroll(1) : "\"
vnoremap coc#float#has_scroll() ? coc#float#scroll(0) : "\"
endif
" Use CTRL-S for selections ranges.
" Requires 'textDocument/selectionRange' support of language server.
nmap (coc-range-select)
xmap (coc-range-select)
" Add :Format command to format current buffer.
command! -nargs=0 Format :call CocAction('format')
" Add :Fold command to fold current buffer.
command! -nargs=? Fold :call CocAction('fold', )
" Add :OR command for organize imports of the current buffer.
command! -nargs=0 OR :call CocAction('runCommand', 'editor.action.organizeImport')
" Add (Neo)Vim's native statusline support.
" NOTE: Please see :h coc-status for integrations with external plugins that
" provide custom statusline: lightline.vim, vim-airline.
set statusline^=%{coc#status()}%{get(b:,'coc_current_function','')}
" Mappings for CoCList
" Show all diagnostics.
nnoremap a :CocList diagnostics
" Manage extensions.
nnoremap e :CocList extensions
" Show commands.
nnoremap c :CocList commands
" Find symbol of current document.
nnoremap o :CocList outline
" Search workspace symbols.
nnoremap s :CocList -I symbols
" Do default action for next item.
nnoremap j :CocNext
" Do default action for previous item.
nnoremap k :CocPrev
" Resume latest coc list.
nnoremap p :CocListResume
coc.pyright为 coc.nvim的一个插件，通过它可以实现 python语言的智能提示等。
coc-java为 coc.nvim的一款插件，通过它可以实现 java语言的智能提示等。
注1：当没有发现 jdt.ls 时，该扩展会自动进行下载。
注2：如果jdt下载较慢，可以手动下载 jdt 并解包到coc-java的数据文件夹下，可以在neovim（或者vim）中通过:echo coc#util#extension_root().'/coc-java-data/server'命令获取文件路径。
五、其它扩展
json语言服务，安装命令如下：
:CocInstall coc-json
sh语言服务，安装命令如下：
:CocInstall coc-sh
自动插入或者删除另一半括号， vim-plug方式安装：
Plug 'jiangmiao/auto-pairs'
嵌套彩虹括号， vim-plug方式安装：
Plug 'luochen1990/rainbow'
相关配置：
let g:rainbow_active = 1 " 激活rainbow
文件打开记录， vim-plug方式安装：
Plug 'mhinz/vim-startify'
状态栏插件， vim-plug方式安装：
Plug 'vim-airline/vim-airline'
相关配置：
let g:airline_theme = 'nord' " 设置airline使用的主题
let g:airline_powerline_fonts = 1 " 使airline正常显示箭头
" 设置 neovim 或者 vim 的 tabline
let g:airline#extensions#coc#enabled = 1
let g:airline#extensions#tabline#enabled = 1
let g:airline#extensions#tabline#tab_nr_type = 1
let g:airline#extensions#tabline#show_tab_nr = 1
let g:airline#extensions#tabline#formatter = 'default'
let g:airline#extensions#tabline#buffer_nr_show = 0
let g:airline#extensions#tabline#fnametruncate = 16
let g:airline#extensions#tabline#fnamecollapse = 2
let g:airline#extensions#tabline#buffer_idx_mode = 1
状态栏主题插件， vim-plug方式安装：
Plug 'vim-airline/vim-airline-themes'
nord配色主题插件， vim-plug方式安装：
Plug 'arcticicestudio/nord-vim'
gruvbox配色主题插件， vim-plug方式安装：
Plug 'morhetz/gruvbox'
缩进线插件， vim-plug方式安装：
Plug 'Yggdroot/indentLine'
注释插件，支持多语言， vim-plug方式安装：
Plug 'preservim/nerdcommenter'
相关配置：
let g:NERDSpaceDelims = 1 " 设置在注释分隔符后添加空格
let g:NERDCompactSexyComs = 1 " 设置多行使用简洁语法注释
let g:NERDTrimTrailingWhitespace = 1 " 设置允许注释清理行尾的空格
文本对齐插件， vim-plug方式安装：
Plug 'godlygeek/tabular'
git diff插件， vim-plug方式安装：
Plug 'airblade/vim-gitgutter'
代码格式化插件，支持多语言， vim-plug方式安装：
Plug 'sbdchd/neoformat'
文件目录树插件， vim-plug方式安装：
Plug 'preservim/nerdtree'
代码高亮配色主题， vim-plug方式安装：
Plug 'sainnhe/sonokai'
实时显示 python脚本执行结果， vim-plug方式安装：
Plug 'metakirby5/codi.vim'
自动生成 python文档字符串， vim-plug方式安装：
Plug 'heavenshell/vim-pydocstring'
相关配置：
let g:pydocstring_doq_path = '~/.local/share/virtualenvs/python3.8/bin/doq' " pydocstring依赖doq的路径
显示文件类结构层次， vim-plug方式安装：
Plug 'preservim/tagbar'
相关配置：
let g:tagbar_ctags_bin = '/usr/bin/ctags' " tagbar依赖ctags的路径
类似 vscode布局的 GUI 调试扩展， vim-plug方式安装：
Plug 'puremourning/vimspector'
相关配置：
let g:vimspector_enable_mappings = 'VISUAL_STUDIO' " vimspector快捷键方案
自动补全扩展，功能类似 coc.nvim， vim-plug方式安装：
Plug 'jayli/vim-easycomplete'
代码片段， vim-plug方式安装：
Plug 'SirVer/ultisnips'
代码片段， vim-plug方式安装：
Plug 'honza/vim-snippets'
六、其它配置
set relativenumber " 设置显示相对行号
set number " 设置显示行号
set expandtab " 设置TAB使用空格
set tabstop=4 " 设置TAB缩进的空格数量
set shiftwidth=4 " 自动缩进的宽度
set fileencodings=utf-8,ucs-bom,gb18030,gbk,gb2312,cp936 " 解决中文乱码
set termencoding=utf-8
set encoding=utf-8
" 插入模式键映射
inoremap kk
" 普通模式键映射
" 打开文件树
nnoremap e :CocCommand explorer
" 保存
nnoremap w :w
" 删除buffer
nnoremap bd :bd
" 下一个buffer
nnoremap bn :bn
" 上一个buffer
nnoremap bp :bp
" 关闭tab
nnoremap tc :tabclose
Original: https://www.cnblogs.com/xiaoQQya/p/16313814.html
Author: Hit不死的小强
Title: Neovim开发环境搭建(2021.07.01)
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