什么是人工智能?

什么是人工智能?

人工智能导论

机器所展示的与人类自然智能相当的智能被称为人工智能。计算机程序是根据人类来学习,思考和行动的。所以我们可以说我们正在使机器变得智能。最好的例子是语音识别和图像识别。不同类型的AI包括反应机器,有限的记忆,思维理论和自我意识。约翰·麦卡锡(John McCarthy)被称为人工智能之父,他首先称这个词为”人工智能”。该系统可以分析和解释数据,从数据中学习,并从由于AI的数据中得出结论。

什么是人工智能?

根据人工智能之父约翰·麦卡锡(John McCarthy)的说法,”制造智能机器的科学和工程,特别是智能计算机程序”,是人工智能的定义。

顾名思义,人工智能正在向机器传递智能,以便机器像人类一样运作。人工智能是计算机科学中的一个领域,它强调创造像人类一样工作,操作和反应的智能机器。AI由考虑实时场景的机器用于决策。人工智能机器读取实时数据,了解业务场景并做出相应的反应。

人工智能机器设计的一些活动包括:

[En]

Some of the activities of artificial intelligence machine design are:

  • 语音识别
  • 学习
  • 规划
  • 解决问题

人工智能现在已经成为信息技术中非常重要的一部分。该分支机构旨在创建智能机器。人工智能拥有与之相关的高技术和专业研究。

[En]

Artificial intelligence has now become a very important part of information technology. This branch is designed to create intelligent machines. Artificial intelligence has high technology and professional research related to it.

人工智能的最大问题包括对计算机的某些功能进行编码和编程,例如:

[En]

The biggest problems with artificial intelligence include coding and programming certain functions of the computer, such as:

  • 知识
  • 推理
  • 解决问题
  • 知觉
  • 学习
  • 规划
  • 操纵能力

将计算机转变为计算机控制的机器人或设计完全按照人类思维方式思考和反应的软件的过程,是人工智能的全部含义。

[En]

The process of transforming a computer into a computer-controlled robot or designing software that thinks and responds completely in accordance with the human way of thinking is the whole meaning of artificial intelligence.

为了利用人工智能开发智能系统,有必要了解人脑是如何工作的。当需要彻底研究解决问题时,大脑如何思考、学习、决策和操作。然后,必须将结果应用于软件,以开发智能和智能系统。

[En]

In order to use artificial intelligence to develop intelligent systems, it is necessary to understand how the human brain works. How the brain thinks, learns, decides and operates when solving problems needs to be thoroughly studied. The resulting results must then be applied to the software in order to develop intelligent and intelligent systems.

人工智能研究的核心概念是知识工程。只有当机器提供关于商业和世界的足够信息时,它们才能像人类一样行动、操作和反应。因此,人工智能可以访问关于对象、类别、属性和所有业务用例之间关系的所有信息,以便机器能够有效地实施知识工程,这一点很重要。然而,赋予机器常识、决策、推理和解决问题的技能是困难和乏味的。

[En]

The core concept of artificial intelligence research is knowledge engineering. Only when machines provide enough information about business and the world can they act, operate and react like humans. Therefore, it is important that artificial intelligence can access all information about the relationship between objects, categories, attributes, and all business use cases, so that machines can effectively implement knowledge engineering. However, it is difficult and tedious to endow machines with common sense, decision-making, reasoning, and problem-solving skills.

人工智能的哲学

这个人使用计算机系统已经有一段时间了。虽然机器总是帮助人类,但人类总是越来越想要探索这些奴隶。这种好奇心不禁让人不禁要问,机器能不能像人一样思考和操作?

[En]

The man has been using the computer system for some time. Although machines always help human beings, human beings always want to explore these slaves more and more. This curiosity makes people wonder, “can a machine think and operate like a human?”

因此,为了让机器像人类一样操作和反应,人工智能应运而生。

[En]

Therefore, in order to make machines operate and react like human beings, artificial intelligence has been developed.

人工智能的目标

下面给出了提到的目标:

  • 要创建智能和专家系统:这种发展开始制造出表现出智能行为的系统。这些机器的预期功能是学习,演示,解释和建议其用户。
  • 将人类智能灌输到机器中:创建系统并开发能够像人类一样理解、思考、学习和行为的软件。

什么有助于人工智能?

人工智能本质上是以各种学科为基础的科学和技术。研究领域包括计算机科学、生物学、心理学、语言学、数学和工程学。

[En]

Artificial intelligence is essentially science, technology-based on a variety of disciplines. Research areas such as computer science, biology, psychology, linguistics, mathematics and engineering.

人工智能的主要目标和挑战是开发与人类智能等属性相关的计算机功能,包括推理、学习、响应、决策和解决问题。

[En]

The main goal and challenge of artificial intelligence is to develop computer functions related to attributes such as human intelligence, including reasoning, learning, response, decision-making and problem solving.

上面提到的一个或多个属性可用于开发智能机器。

[En]

One or more of the attributes mentioned above can be used to develop smart machines.

什么是人工智能?

机器学习是AI的核心部分和子集。让机器在没有任何监督的情况下学习是非常困难的,因此需要理解数据的能力,比如识别输入流中的模式。这与在监督下学习非常不同。在监督下学习涉及分类和数值回归等操作。分类是确定对象所属类别的过程。回归过程涉及获取一组数值输入,从而发现能够为相应输入生成合适输出的函数。


计算学习理论是理论计算机科学的一个非常清晰的分支。它使用数学分析,这是由机器学习算法完成的。机器的感知、响应和决策完全取决于机器使用各种传感器的输入来推断环境的所有方面的能力。例如,计算机视觉分析视觉输入、面部识别、对象识别和手势识别是整体分析的子集。机器人是另一个与人工智能有关的主要领域。机器人处理的各种任务是导航和物体操作。子问题是定位、映射和运动规划。

[En]

Computational learning theory is a very clear branch of theoretical computer science. It uses mathematical analysis, which is accomplished by machine learning algorithms. The perception, response, and decision-making of the machine depends entirely on the machine’s ability to infer all aspects of the environment using inputs from various sensors. For example, computer vision analysis visual input, facial recognition, object recognition and gesture recognition are subsets of the overall analysis. Robot is another major field that has something to do with artificial intelligence. The various tasks handled by the robot are navigation and object operation. The sub-problems are positioning, mapping and motion planning.

不使用人工智能和利用人工智能进行编程

下面给出的是系统的基本编程,以及它们在使用和不使用AI的情况下开发时的不同之处:

没有人工智能

借助人工智能
系统只能解决特定问题,并回答系统中已经输入的特定问题。使用AI构建的系统可以在一般情况下处于活动状态,并使用信息,权衡选项,然后做出决策。对所编写的程序或信息的任何修改或更改都可以显着改变应用程序的结构。然而,具有AI的程序可以通过将高度独立的信息片段集成在一起来访问各种数据以做出明智的决策,从而非常容易地适应新的变化和修改。因此,修改程序的哪怕是一小段信息也不会影响其结构。与预期相反,修改并不像预期的那样容易和快速。因此,微小的更改可能会对程序产生不利影响,从而导致故障。相反,在AI程序中进行修改非常容易和快速。这些程序的适应性很强,进行更改不会影响程序的功能。

人工智能面临的挑战

每枚硬币都有两面。人工智能也有自己的挑战。从理论上讲,这可能看起来更简单,实时购买,AI具有某些挑战和知识,并且该程序具有其不受欢迎的属性。

这些包括:

  • 其体量巨大,超出人们想象。
    [En]

    its volume is huge, beyond people’s imagination.*

  • 计划和指导方针根本没有组织好,也没有形成好。因此,很难有效地使用它。
    [En]

    the plan and guidelines are not well organized or well formed at all. Therefore, it is difficult to use it effectively.*

  • 它在不断变化。因此,它必须始终更新。
    [En]

    it is constantly changing. Therefore, it must always be updated.*

什么是人工智能技术?

为了克服这些挑战,使用了AI技术。

这是一个有效组织和使用知识的过程,以便:

[En]

This is a process of organizing and using knowledge effectively in order to:

  • 信息提供者应该能够感知到它。
    [En]

    the provider of information should be able to perceive it.*

  • 应易于对数据和程序进行更改,并应易于修改以纠正错误。
    [En]

    it should be easy to make changes to data and programs, and should be easy to modify to correct errors.*

  • 即使程序不准确或不完整,在各种情况下也应该是有用的。
    [En]

    even if the program is inaccurate or incomplete, it should be useful in a variety of situations.*

  • 鉴于使用AI的程序非常复杂,这些AI技术应该提高这些程序的执行速度,从而优化效率。

人工智能的应用

我们已经看到,在使用和操纵实时数据的程序中,使用AI具有许多优势。人工智能已被使用,并在需要读取,操作实时数据的各个领域占据主导地位,例如:

1. 游戏

象棋、扑克和井字游戏等战略游戏需要评估实时数据。机器应该能够考虑所有可能的操作,并且应该能够权衡这些选项,并基于启发式知识做出决策。人工智能在这些战略游戏中扮演着至关重要的角色。

[En]

Strategy games such as chess, poker and tic-tac-toe games need to evaluate real-time data. The machine should be able to think of all possible actions and should be able to weigh these options and make decisions based on heuristic knowledge. Artificial intelligence plays a vital role in these strategic games.

2. 自然语言处理

为了使程序高效运行,机器必须使用不同用户的语言。机器不仅要适应各种语言,还要适应各种方言和口音。AI被证明在此类用例中非常有用。

3. 专家系统

智能机器的主要功能是做出决策。这些机器需要软件来接受信息作为输入,理解它,权衡选择,并得出结论。这些机器被用来对给定的情况进行推理。这类软件为用户提供解释和建议,以做出明智的决定。

[En]

The main function of intelligent machines is to make decisions. These machines need software to accept information as input, understand it, weigh options, and draw conclusions. These machines are used to impart reasoning to a given situation. This kind of software provides users with explanations and suggestions to make informed decisions.

4. 视觉系统

视觉输入是一种重要且难以解释的信息形式。因此,与智能集成的系统必须阅读、理解、解释和理解视觉输入,并根据这些信息做出决策。

[En]

Visual input is a crucial and difficult to explain form of information. Therefore, systems integrated with intelligence must read, understand, interpret and understand visual inputs and make decisions based on that information.

这些应用程序的一些示例

  • 无人机、相机或飞机拍摄照片和视频,以了解该地区的地图或查找空间信息。
    [En]

    drones, cameras or aircraft take photos and videos to learn about maps of the area or to find spatial information.*

  • 临床专家系统使用内置摄像头,医生经常使用摄像头诊断患者。
    [En]

    the clinical expert system uses internal cameras, and doctors often use cameras to diagnose patients.*

  • 警方调查面部识别时使用计算机软件。该程序识别嫌疑人的脸,在警察系统中以肖像模式传唤他,并向法医艺术家描述证人。
    [En]

    use computer software when the police investigate facial recognition. The program recognizes the face of the suspect, who is called in portrait mode in the police system, with the description of the witness to the forensic artist.*

1. 语音识别

人工智能提供的一些系统旨在使他们能够听到声音并理解语言,以便理解单词的含义。这种理解不仅是在单词方面,而且在句子、它们的意义和语气方面也是如此,而人类用各种语言与系统交谈。该软件旨在识别不同的口音、方言、俚语、背景噪音、声音调制变化、疼痛、寒冷等引起的声音变化。

[En]

Some of the systems given by artificial intelligence are designed to enable them to hear sounds and understand language in order to understand the meaning of words. This understanding is not only in terms of words, but also in sentences, their meaning and tone, while human beings talk to systems in a variety of languages. The software aims to identify different accents, dialects, slang, background noise, voice modulation changes, voice changes caused by pain, cold and so on.

2. 手写识别

该软件被编程为可以阅读文本。这篇文章可以用钢笔或铅笔写在纸上。也可以通过鼠标或手写笔在屏幕上定位文本。它可以阅读文本并识别字母和数字的形状,然后将其转换为可编辑的文本,可以对其进行操作、更改和存储,从而提高了处理速度。

[En]

The software is programmed to read the text. This text can be written on paper with a pen or pencil. Text can also be located on a screen written by a mouse or using a stylus. It can read text and recognize the shape of letters and numbers, and then convert it into editable text, which can be manipulated, changed, and stored, thus increasing the speed of the process.

3. 智能机器人

机器人是一种被编程为从站的机器,用于执行主站指示的任务。它们由各种传感器组成。这些传感器读取来自真实世界的物理数据作为输入。这些物理数据以光、热和温度、运动和压力、声音、障碍物、空间坐标和颠簸的形式存在。它们配备了高效的处理器、多个传感器和巨大的存储内存。所有这些都是为了展示智慧而安装的。此外,他们还能适应不断变化的环境,并从错误中吸取教训。

[En]

A robot is a machine programmed as a slave station to perform tasks directed by the master station. They are made up of various sensors. These sensors read physical data as input from the real world. This physical data exists in the form of light, heat and temperature, motion and pressure, sound, obstacles, spatial coordinates and bumps. They are equipped with efficient processors, multiple sensors and huge storage memory. All of these are installed to demonstrate intelligence. In addition, they can adapt to the changing environment and learn from their mistakes.

人工智能的优缺点

以下是AI的优点和缺点:

优点:

  • 与人类相比,错误率要低得多。
    [En]

    compared with human beings, the error rate is much lower.*

  • 人工智能系统的准确度、精确度和速度令人难以置信。
    [En]

    the accuracy, accuracy and speed of artificial intelligence systems are incredible.*

  • 可以在恶劣的环境中以同样的效率工作。
    [En]

    can work with the same efficiency in a harsh environment.*

  • 完成对人类构成挑战的危险任务,在不对人类造成任何人身伤害的情况下执行太空探索等任务。
    [En]

    to complete dangerous tasks that pose a challenge to mankind, and to carry out missions such as space exploration without causing any physical harm to mankind.*

  • 使用这台机器时,采矿和采矿燃料变得更容易。
    [En]

    Mining and mining fuel become easier when using this machine.*

  • 可以在不损失效率的情况下处理重复、单调和繁琐的任务。
    [En]

    repetitive, monotonous and tedious tasks can be handled without losing efficiency.*

  • 预测和决策。
  • 发现欺诈变得更容易,特别是在基于卡的系统中。
    [En]

    it becomes easier to detect fraud, especially in card-based systems.*

  • 组织和管理记录。
  • 可以建造机器宠物与人互动,帮助减少抑郁和不活动。
    [En]

    robotic pets can be built to interact with people and help reduce depression and inactivity.*

  • 当机器在没有情感的情况下进行逻辑思考时,它们会做出理性的决定。
    [En]

    when machines think logically without emotion, they make rational decisions.*

缺点:

  • 建设、重建和维护需要熟练的专业人员,耗费大量资金和时间。
    [En]

    Construction, reconstruction and maintenance require skilled professionals and cost a lot of money and time.*

  • 存储成本高昂。
  • 从内存访问和检索数据可能没有人类系统那么有效。
    [En]

    accessing and retrieving data from memory may not be as effective as human systems.*

  • 机器可以通过编程学习并变得更好,但不如人类。
    [En]

    machines can be programmed to learn and become better, but not as good as humans.*

  • 他们的操作范围仅限于编写的程序。
    [En]

    their scope of operation is limited to the programs written.*

  • 他们永远无法获得人类拥有的创造力。
    [En]

    they will never be able to acquire the creativity that human beings have.*

  • 失业是最大威胁,因智能机器的发展
    [En]

    unemployment is the biggest threat because of the development of smart machines.*

  • 人类虽然懒惰,但可能变得过于依赖机器,没有充分利用自己的心理能力。
    [En]

    although human beings are lazy, they may become too dependent on machines and do not make full use of their psychological abilities.*

  • 机器落入坏人手中,很容易导致破坏。
    [En]

    the machine falls into the wrong hands and can easily lead to destruction.*

结论

这是一篇关于被大肆炒作的词“人工智能”的短文。除了优势,人工智能也带来了一些挑战和劣势。这取决于企业评估投资这种技术是否必要和有利可图。

[En]

This is a short article about the much-hyped word “artificial intelligence”. In addition to the advantages, artificial intelligence also brings some challenges and disadvantages. It is up to the enterprise to assess whether it is necessary and profitable to invest in such technology.

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这一直是什么是人工智能的指南。在这里,我们讨论了AI的应用程序,工作,优点和缺点。您还可以浏览我们的其他建议文章以了解更多信息 –

人工智能面试问题
人工智能类型指南
顶级人工智能工具
人工智能的重要性

Original: https://blog.csdn.net/qq_22182989/article/details/125608361
Author: 南北极之间
Title: 什么是人工智能?

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