scrapy爬取百度图片时出现Forbid spider access

这是被百度反爬了，可以参考以下代码

baidu.py

import scrapy
from scrapy.http import Request
from urllib.parse import urlencode
import json
import time
from urllib.parse import quote
from fake_useragent import UserAgent
import re
from baiduimg.items import BaiduimgItem

class BaiduSpider(scrapy.Spider):
    name = 'baidu'
    # allowed_domains = ['www.xxx.com']
    # start_urls = ['http://www.xxx.com/']
    ua = UserAgent()
    header={
        'User-Agent':ua.random
    }
    def start_requests(self):
        # base_url = "https://image.baidu.com/search/acjson?"
        # words = quote(input("请输入关键词:"))
        # parm = {'word': words}
        # for page in range(1, self.settings.get("MAX_PAGE") + 1):
        #     parm['pn'] = 30 * page
        #     parm['tn'] ='resultjson_com'
        #     parm['ipn'] ='rj'
        #     parm['gsm'] = hex(30 * page)
        #     parm['queryWord'] = words
        #     timestamp=int(time.time())*1000
        #     parm[timestamp] = ''
        #     url = base_url +urlencode(parm)
        #     # print(timestamp)
        #     yield Request(url=url,headers=self.header,callback=self.parse)
        keyworlds=input("输入关键字:")
        for page in range(1, self.settings.get("MAX_PAGE") + 1):
            url = "http://image.baidu.com/search/flip?tn=baiduimage&ie=utf-8&word=" + keyworlds + "&pn="+ str(page * 20) + "&gsm=140&ct=&ic=0&lm=-1&width=0&height=0"
            yield Request(url=url, headers=self.header, callback=self.parse)

    def parse(self, response):
        # print(response.text)
        data=response.text
        # data=str(data).replace("")
        er = '\"objURL\":\"(.*?)\"\,'
        er1='\"fromPageTitle\":\"(.*?)\"\,'
        objURL = re.compile(er, re.S).findall(data)
        fromPageTitle=re.compile(er1, re.S).findall(data)
        # image_list = re.findall(er, data, re.S)
        # print(d.encode())
        for i in range(1,len(objURL)):
            item=BaiduimgItem()
            item['fromPageTitle']=fromPageTitle[i].replace("",'').replace("",'')
            item['objURL'] = objURL[i]

            yield item

        # json_data=json.loads(response.text)
        # print(json_data['data'])
        # for data in json_data['data']:
        #     print(data['thumbURL'])

item.py

Define here the models for your scraped items
#
See documentation in:
https://docs.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/items.html

import scrapy

class BaiduimgItem(scrapy.Item):
    # define the fields for your item here like:
    fromPageTitle = scrapy.Field()
    objURL = scrapy.Field()

middlewares.py

Define here the models for your spider middleware
#
See documentation in:
https://docs.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/spider-middleware.html

from scrapy import signals

useful for handling different item types with a single interface
from itemadapter import is_item, ItemAdapter

class BaiduimgSpiderMiddleware:
    # Not all methods need to be defined. If a method is not defined,
    # scrapy acts as if the spider middleware does not modify the
    # passed objects.

    @classmethod
    def from_crawler(cls, crawler):
        # This method is used by Scrapy to create your spiders.

        s = cls()
        crawler.signals.connect(s.spider_opened, signal=signals.spider_opened)
        return s

    def process_spider_input(self, response, spider):
        # Called for each response that goes through the spider
        # middleware and into the spider.

        # Should return None or raise an exception.

        return None

    def process_spider_output(self, response, result, spider):
        # Called with the results returned from the Spider, after
        # it has processed the response.

        # Must return an iterable of Request, or item objects.

        for i in result:
            yield i

    def process_spider_exception(self, response, exception, spider):
        # Called when a spider or process_spider_input() method
        # (from other spider middleware) raises an exception.

        # Should return either None or an iterable of Request or item objects.

        pass

    def process_start_requests(self, start_requests, spider):
        # Called with the start requests of the spider, and works
        # similarly to the process_spider_output() method, except
        # that it doesn't have a response associated.

        # Must return only requests (not items).

        for r in start_requests:
            yield r

    def spider_opened(self, spider):
        spider.logger.info('Spider opened: %s' % spider.name)

class BaiduimgDownloaderMiddleware:
    # Not all methods need to be defined. If a method is not defined,
    # scrapy acts as if the downloader middleware does not modify the
    # passed objects.

    @classmethod
    def from_crawler(cls, crawler):
        # This method is used by Scrapy to create your spiders.

        s = cls()
        crawler.signals.connect(s.spider_opened, signal=signals.spider_opened)
        return s

    def process_request(self, request, spider):
        # Called for each request that goes through the downloader
        # middleware.

        # Must either:
        # - return None: continue processing this request
        # - or return a Response object
        # - or return a Request object
        # - or raise IgnoreRequest: process_exception() methods of
        #   installed downloader middleware will be called
        return None

    def process_response(self, request, response, spider):
        # Called with the response returned from the downloader.

        # Must either;
        # - return a Response object
        # - return a Request object
        # - or raise IgnoreRequest
        return response

    def process_exception(self, request, exception, spider):
        # Called when a download handler or a process_request()
        # (from other downloader middleware) raises an exception.

        # Must either:
        # - return None: continue processing this exception
        # - return a Response object: stops process_exception() chain
        # - return a Request object: stops process_exception() chain
        pass

    def spider_opened(self, spider):
        spider.logger.info('Spider opened: %s' % spider.name)

pipelines.py

Define your item pipelines here
#
Don't forget to add your pipeline to the ITEM_PIPELINES setting
See: https://docs.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/item-pipeline.html

useful for handling different item types with a single interface
from scrapy.http import Request
from scrapy.exceptions import  DropItem
from scrapy.pipelines.images import ImagesPipeline
import pymongo

class BaiduimgmongoPipeline(object):
    def __init__(self,mongo_url,mongo_db):
        self.mongo_url=mongo_url
        self.mongo_db=mongo_db

    @classmethod
    def from_crawler(cls,crawler):
        return cls(
            mongo_url=crawler.settings.get("MONGO_URL"),
            mongo_db=crawler.settings.get("MONGO_DB")
        )
    def open_spider(self,spider):
        self.client=pymongo.MongoClient(self.mongo_url)
        self.db=self.client[self.mongo_db]
    def process_item(self,item,spider):
        self.db[spider.name].insert(dict(item))
        print("数据库中的集合名字："+spider.name)
        return item
    def close_spider(self,spider):
        self.client.close()

class BaiduimgPipeline(ImagesPipeline):
    def file_path(self, request, response=None, info=None):
        url = request.url
        file_name = url.split('/')[-1]
        return file_name

    def item_completed(self, results, item, info):
        image_paths = [x['path'] for ok, x in results if ok]
        print(str(image_paths))
        if not image_paths:
            raise DropItem("下载失败")
        return item

    def get_media_requests(self, item, info):
        yield Request(url=item['objURL'], dont_filter=False)

settings.py

Scrapy settings for baiduimg project
#
For simplicity, this file contains only settings considered important or
commonly used. You can find more settings consulting the documentation:
#
    https://docs.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/settings.html
    https://docs.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/downloader-middleware.html
    https://docs.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/spider-middleware.html
import os

project_dir=os.path.abspath(os.path.dirname(__file__))
IMAGES_STORE=os.path.join(project_dir,'images')

BOT_NAME = 'baiduimg'

#页码
MAX_PAGE=2

#配置mongodb参数
MONGO_URL='localhost'
MONGO_DB='test_image'

SPIDER_MODULES = ['baiduimg.spiders']
NEWSPIDER_MODULE = 'baiduimg.spiders'

Crawl responsibly by identifying yourself (and your website) on the user-agent
USER_AGENT = 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/75.0.3770.100 Safari/537.36'

Obey robots.txt rules
ROBOTSTXT_OBEY = False

Configure maximum concurrent requests performed by Scrapy (default: 16)
#CONCURRENT_REQUESTS = 32

Configure a delay for requests for the same website (default: 0)
See https://docs.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/settings.html#download-delay
See also autothrottle settings and docs
DOWNLOAD_DELAY = 3
The download delay setting will honor only one of:
#CONCURRENT_REQUESTS_PER_DOMAIN = 16
#CONCURRENT_REQUESTS_PER_IP = 16

Disable cookies (enabled by default)
#COOKIES_ENABLED = False

Disable Telnet Console (enabled by default)
#TELNETCONSOLE_ENABLED = False

Override the default request headers:
DEFAULT_REQUEST_HEADERS = {
   # 'referer':'https://image.baidu.com/search/acjson?word=%25E7%258B%2597&pn=30&tn=resultjson_com&ipn=rj&gsm=0x1e&queryWor',
  'Accept': 'text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,*/*;q=0.8',
  'Accept-Language': 'en',
}
#显示指定类型的日志信息
LOG_LEVEL='ERROR'
Enable or disable spider middlewares
See https://docs.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/spider-middleware.html
#SPIDER_MIDDLEWARES = {
   'baiduimg.middlewares.BaiduimgSpiderMiddleware': 543,
#}

Enable or disable downloader middlewares
See https://docs.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/downloader-middleware.html
#DOWNLOADER_MIDDLEWARES = {
   'baiduimg.middlewares.BaiduimgDownloaderMiddleware': 543,
#}

Enable or disable extensions
See https://docs.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/extensions.html
#EXTENSIONS = {
   'scrapy.extensions.telnet.TelnetConsole': None,
#}

Configure item pipelines
See https://docs.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/item-pipeline.html
ITEM_PIPELINES = {
   'baiduimg.pipelines.BaiduimgPipeline': 300,
    'baiduimg.pipelines.BaiduimgmongoPipeline': 301,
}

Enable and configure the AutoThrottle extension (disabled by default)
See https://docs.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/autothrottle.html
#AUTOTHROTTLE_ENABLED = True
The initial download delay
#AUTOTHROTTLE_START_DELAY = 5
The maximum download delay to be set in case of high latencies
#AUTOTHROTTLE_MAX_DELAY = 60
The average number of requests Scrapy should be sending in parallel to
each remote server
#AUTOTHROTTLE_TARGET_CONCURRENCY = 1.0
Enable showing throttling stats for every response received:
#AUTOTHROTTLE_DEBUG = False

Enable and configure HTTP caching (disabled by default)
See https://docs.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/downloader-middleware.html#httpcache-middleware-settings
#HTTPCACHE_ENABLED = True
#HTTPCACHE_EXPIRATION_SECS = 0
#HTTPCACHE_DIR = 'httpcache'
#HTTPCACHE_IGNORE_HTTP_CODES = []
#HTTPCACHE_STORAGE = 'scrapy.extensions.httpcache.FilesystemCacheStorage'

start.py

from scrapy import cmdline

#注入执行语句
cmdline.execute("scrapy crawl baidu".split())

Original: https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_46026136/article/details/118035735
Author: 小施没烦恼
Title: scrapy爬取百度图片时出现Forbid spider access