太空射击第14课： 玩家生命
在本课中，我们将为玩家添加多个生命值，并在玩家死亡时添加一个漂亮的爆炸。
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视频
玩家爆炸
我们将使用不同的爆炸动画来表示玩家的死亡，来自相同的Kenny Game Art包，称为”声波爆炸”。
我们只需要加载这些框架，就像我们为其他爆炸所做的那样。我们需要向爆炸动画的字典中添加另一个键名为 'player'的列表并将其加载到同一循环中，因为它具有与我们正在加载的其他爆炸相同的帧数。现在我们的加载代码将如下所示：
explosion_anim = {}
explosion_anim['lg'] = []
explosion_anim['sm'] = []
explosion_anim['player'] = []
for i in range(9):
filename = 'regularExplosion0{}.png'.format(i)
img = pygame.image.load(path.join(img_dir, filename)).convert()
img.set_colorkey(BLACK)
img_lg = pygame.transform.scale(img, (75, 75))
explosion_anim['lg'].append(img_lg)
img_sm = pygame.transform.scale(img, (32, 32))
explosion_anim['sm'].append(img_sm)
filename = 'sonicExplosion0{}.png'.format(i)
img = pygame.image.load(path.join(img_dir, filename)).convert()
img.set_colorkey(BLACK)
explosion_anim['player'].append(img)
我们不需要在 Explosion精灵类中更改任何内容，因此我们只需要在玩家的护盾用完时创建一个玩家爆炸。我们可以在游戏循环中添加这一点，在该循环中，我们将检查玩家与流星碰撞：
hits = pygame.sprite.spritecollide(player, mobs, True, pygame.sprite.collide_circle)
for hit in hits:
player.shield -= hit.radius * 2
expl = Explosion(hit.rect.center, 'sm')
all_sprites.add(expl)
newmob()
if player.shield 0:
death_explosion = Explosion(player.rect.center, 'player')
all_sprites.add(death_explosion)
running = False
但是，如果您运行该程序，您会发现我们现在遇到了一个问题：当玩家死亡时，我们设置 running为 False游戏结束，然后我们才有机会看到我们漂亮的爆炸！
为了解决这个问题，我们需要在爆炸结束之前不要结束游戏。因此，我们删除玩家，但在爆炸消失之前不会设置 running：
if player.shield 0:
death_explosion = Explosion(player.rect.center, 'player')
all_sprites.add(death_explosion)
player.kill()
if not player.alive() and not death_explosion.alive():
running = False
alive()函数仅返回特定精灵是否处于活动状态。由于我们在爆炸完成时 kill()爆炸精灵，我们现在可以在爆炸完成时结束游戏。
Since we kill() the explosion when it finishes playing, we can now end the game when it finishes.
生命
现在我们要给玩家多个生命。我们可以使用变量跟踪它，但我们也希望能够在屏幕上显示它。与其只显示一个数字，不如使用玩家飞船的较小图像来指示还剩下多少条生命，这样看起来会更好。首先，我们将创建较小的映像：
player_img = pygame.image.load(path.join(img_dir, "playerShip1_orange.png")).convert()
player_mini_img = pygame.transform.scale(player_img, (25, 19))
player_mini_img.set_colorkey(BLACK)
现在，我们将向该 Player类 __init__()方法添加一些新参数：一个生命计数器，一个标志（可以是 True或 False的变量）来隐藏/显示玩家，以及一个计时器来控制玩家隐藏多长时间：
self.lives = 3
self.hidden = False
self.hide_timer = pygame.time.get_ticks()
现在，当玩家死亡时，我们将隐藏玩家并从 lives 中减去 1，而不是使用 kill() 。我们将 lives减1，为新的生命重置盾牌：
if player.shield 0:
death_explosion = Explosion(player.rect.center, 'player')
all_sprites.add(death_explosion)
player.hide()
player.lives -= 1
player.shield = 100
if player.lives == 0 and not death_explosion.alive():
running = False
接下来，我们需要定义如何隐藏玩家。回到 Player()类，我们将添加一个隐藏方法，该方法将标志 hidden设置为 True并启动计时器。我们还需要确保在玩家隐藏时，它不会被流星击中。我们有几种方法可以做到这一点，但是一个不需要从组中添加/删除的简单方法是将玩家暂时移出屏幕底部：
def hide(self):
self.hidden = True
self.hide_timer = pygame.time.get_ticks()
self.rect.center = (WIDTH / 2, HEIGHT + 200)
在玩家的 update()方法中，我们需要经过足够的时间取消隐藏（我们现在使用1秒）：
def update(self):
if self.hidden and pygame.time.get_ticks() - self.hide_timer > 1000:
self.hidden = False
self.rect.centerx = WIDTH / 2
self.rect.bottom = HEIGHT - 10
生命计数器显示
为了显示生命，我们将创建一个类似于我们的 draw_shield_bar()函数，它将允许我们将生命计数器放置在给定的位置：
def draw_lives(surf, x, y, lives, img):
for i in range(lives):
img_rect = img.get_rect()
img_rect.x = x + 30 * i
img_rect.y = y
surf.blit(img, img_rect)
我们只是循环了 '生命数'次，然后将每个图像间隔30像素（ player_mini_img宽度为25像素，因此它们之间会留下一个小空间）。
然后，在游戏循环的 draw 部分添加对此函数的调用：
draw_lives(screen, WIDTH - 100, 5, player.lives,
player_mini_img)
现在我们可以看到最终结果：
在下一课中，我们将为游戏添加一些道具。
import pygame
import random
from os import path
img_dir = path.join(path.dirname(__file__), 'img')
snd_dir = path.join(path.dirname(__file__), 'snd')
WIDTH = 480
HEIGHT = 600
FPS = 60
define colors
WHITE = (255, 255, 255)
BLACK = (0, 0, 0)
RED = (255, 0, 0)
GREEN = (0, 255, 0)
BLUE = (0, 0, 255)
YELLOW = (255, 255, 0)
initialize pygame and create window
pygame.init()
pygame.mixer.init()
screen = pygame.display.set_mode((WIDTH, HEIGHT))
pygame.display.set_caption("Shmup!")
clock = pygame.time.Clock()
font_name = pygame.font.match_font('arial')
def draw_text(surf, text, size, x, y):
font = pygame.font.Font(font_name, size)
text_surface = font.render(text, True, WHITE)
text_rect = text_surface.get_rect()
text_rect.midtop = (x, y)
surf.blit(text_surface, text_rect)
def newmob():
m = Mob()
all_sprites.add(m)
mobs.add(m)
def draw_shield_bar(surf, x, y, pct):
if pct < 0:
pct = 0
BAR_LENGTH = 100
BAR_HEIGHT = 10
fill = (pct / 100) * BAR_LENGTH
outline_rect = pygame.Rect(x, y, BAR_LENGTH, BAR_HEIGHT)
fill_rect = pygame.Rect(x, y, fill, BAR_HEIGHT)
pygame.draw.rect(surf, GREEN, fill_rect)
pygame.draw.rect(surf, WHITE, outline_rect, 2)
def draw_lives(surf, x, y, lives, img):
for i in range(lives):
img_rect = img.get_rect()
img_rect.x = x + 30 * i
img_rect.y = y
surf.blit(img, img_rect)
class Player(pygame.sprite.Sprite):
def __init__(self):
pygame.sprite.Sprite.__init__(self)
self.image = pygame.transform.scale(player_img, (50, 38))
self.image.set_colorkey(BLACK)
self.rect = self.image.get_rect()
self.radius = 20
# pygame.draw.circle(self.image, RED, self.rect.center, self.radius)
self.rect.centerx = WIDTH / 2
self.rect.bottom = HEIGHT - 10
self.speedx = 0
self.shield = 100
self.shoot_delay = 250
self.last_shot = pygame.time.get_ticks()
self.lives = 3
self.hidden = False
self.hide_timer = pygame.time.get_ticks()
def update(self):
# unhide if hidden
if self.hidden and pygame.time.get_ticks() - self.hide_timer > 1000:
self.hidden = False
self.rect.centerx = WIDTH / 2
self.rect.bottom = HEIGHT - 10
self.speedx = 0
keystate = pygame.key.get_pressed()
if keystate[pygame.K_LEFT]:
self.speedx = -8
if keystate[pygame.K_RIGHT]:
self.speedx = 8
if keystate[pygame.K_SPACE]:
self.shoot()
self.rect.x += self.speedx
if self.rect.right > WIDTH:
self.rect.right = WIDTH
if self.rect.left < 0:
self.rect.left = 0
def shoot(self):
now = pygame.time.get_ticks()
if now - self.last_shot > self.shoot_delay:
self.last_shot = now
bullet = Bullet(self.rect.centerx, self.rect.top)
all_sprites.add(bullet)
bullets.add(bullet)
shoot_sound.play()
def hide(self):
# hide the player temporarily
self.hidden = True
self.hide_timer = pygame.time.get_ticks()
self.rect.center = (WIDTH / 2, HEIGHT + 200)
class Mob(pygame.sprite.Sprite):
def __init__(self):
pygame.sprite.Sprite.__init__(self)
self.image_orig = random.choice(meteor_images)
self.image_orig.set_colorkey(BLACK)
self.image = self.image_orig.copy()
self.rect = self.image.get_rect()
self.radius = int(self.rect.width * .85 / 2)
# pygame.draw.circle(self.image, RED, self.rect.center, self.radius)
self.rect.x = random.randrange(WIDTH - self.rect.width)
self.rect.bottom = random.randrange(-80, -20)
self.speedy = random.randrange(1, 8)
self.speedx = random.randrange(-3, 3)
self.rot = 0
self.rot_speed = random.randrange(-8, 8)
self.last_update = pygame.time.get_ticks()
def rotate(self):
now = pygame.time.get_ticks()
if now - self.last_update > 50:
self.last_update = now
self.rot = (self.rot + self.rot_speed) % 360
new_image = pygame.transform.rotate(self.image_orig, self.rot)
old_center = self.rect.center
self.image = new_image
self.rect = self.image.get_rect()
self.rect.center = old_center
def update(self):
self.rotate()
self.rect.x += self.speedx
self.rect.y += self.speedy
if self.rect.top > HEIGHT + 10 or self.rect.left < -100 or self.rect.right > WIDTH + 100:
self.rect.x = random.randrange(WIDTH - self.rect.width)
self.rect.y = random.randrange(-100, -40)
self.speedy = random.randrange(1, 8)
class Bullet(pygame.sprite.Sprite):
def __init__(self, x, y):
pygame.sprite.Sprite.__init__(self)
self.image = bullet_img
self.image.set_colorkey(BLACK)
self.rect = self.image.get_rect()
self.rect.bottom = y
self.rect.centerx = x
self.speedy = -10
def update(self):
self.rect.y += self.speedy
# kill if it moves off the top of the screen
if self.rect.bottom < 0:
self.kill()
class Explosion(pygame.sprite.Sprite):
def __init__(self, center, size):
pygame.sprite.Sprite.__init__(self)
self.size = size
self.image = explosion_anim[self.size][0]
self.rect = self.image.get_rect()
self.rect.center = center
self.frame = 0
self.last_update = pygame.time.get_ticks()
self.frame_rate = 75
def update(self):
now = pygame.time.get_ticks()
if now - self.last_update > self.frame_rate:
self.last_update = now
self.frame += 1
if self.frame == len(explosion_anim[self.size]):
self.kill()
else:
center = self.rect.center
self.image = explosion_anim[self.size][self.frame]
self.rect = self.image.get_rect()
self.rect.center = center
Load all game graphics
background = pygame.image.load(path.join(img_dir, "starfield.png")).convert()
background_rect = background.get_rect()
player_img = pygame.image.load(path.join(img_dir, "playerShip1_orange.png")).convert()
player_mini_img = pygame.transform.scale(player_img, (25, 19))
player_mini_img.set_colorkey(BLACK)
bullet_img = pygame.image.load(path.join(img_dir, "laserRed16.png")).convert()
meteor_images = []
meteor_list = ['meteorBrown_big1.png', 'meteorBrown_med1.png', 'meteorBrown_med1.png',
'meteorBrown_med3.png', 'meteorBrown_small1.png', 'meteorBrown_small2.png',
'meteorBrown_tiny1.png']
for img in meteor_list:
meteor_images.append(pygame.image.load(path.join(img_dir, img)).convert())
explosion_anim = {}
explosion_anim['lg'] = []
explosion_anim['sm'] = []
explosion_anim['player'] = []
for i in range(9):
filename = 'regularExplosion0{}.png'.format(i)
img = pygame.image.load(path.join(img_dir, filename)).convert()
img.set_colorkey(BLACK)
img_lg = pygame.transform.scale(img, (75, 75))
explosion_anim['lg'].append(img_lg)
img_sm = pygame.transform.scale(img, (32, 32))
explosion_anim['sm'].append(img_sm)
filename = 'sonicExplosion0{}.png'.format(i)
img = pygame.image.load(path.join(img_dir, filename)).convert()
img.set_colorkey(BLACK)
explosion_anim['player'].append(img)
Load all game sounds
shoot_sound = pygame.mixer.Sound(path.join(snd_dir, 'pew.wav'))
expl_sounds = []
for snd in ['expl3.wav', 'expl6.wav']:
expl_sounds.append(pygame.mixer.Sound(path.join(snd_dir, snd)))
player_die_sound = pygame.mixer.Sound(path.join(snd_dir, 'rumble1.ogg'))
pygame.mixer.music.load(path.join(snd_dir, 'tgfcoder-FrozenJam-SeamlessLoop.ogg'))
pygame.mixer.music.set_volume(0.4)
all_sprites = pygame.sprite.Group()
mobs = pygame.sprite.Group()
bullets = pygame.sprite.Group()
player = Player()
all_sprites.add(player)
for i in range(8):
newmob()
score = 0
pygame.mixer.music.play(loops=-1)
Game loop
running = True
while running:
# keep loop running at the right speed
clock.tick(FPS)
# Process input (events)
for event in pygame.event.get():
# check for closing window
if event.type == pygame.QUIT:
running = False
# Update
all_sprites.update()
# check to see if a bullet hit a mob
hits = pygame.sprite.groupcollide(mobs, bullets, True, True)
for hit in hits:
score += 50 - hit.radius
random.choice(expl_sounds).play()
expl = Explosion(hit.rect.center, 'lg')
all_sprites.add(expl)
newmob()
# check to see if a mob hit the player
hits = pygame.sprite.spritecollide(player, mobs, True, pygame.sprite.collide_circle)
for hit in hits:
player.shield -= hit.radius * 2
expl = Explosion(hit.rect.center, 'sm')
all_sprites.add(expl)
newmob()
if player.shield <= 0 0: player_die_sound.play() death_explosion="Explosion(player.rect.center," 'player') all_sprites.add(death_explosion) player.hide() player.lives -="1" player.shield="100" # if the player died and explosion has finished playing not death_explosion.alive(): running="False" draw render screen.fill(black) screen.blit(background, background_rect) all_sprites.draw(screen) draw_text(screen, str(score), 18, width 2, 10) draw_shield_bar(screen, 5, player.shield) draw_lives(screen, 100, player.lives, player_mini_img) *after* drawing everything, flip display pygame.display.flip() pygame.quit() < code></=>
Original: https://blog.csdn.net/acktomas/article/details/126035169
Author: 蔚蓝慕
Title: 太空射击第14课： 玩家生命
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