最近需要用opencv在树莓派上开发项目，参考了网上的部分教程，入了不少坑，因此写这一篇博客帮助树莓派初学者高效的使用opencv库进行AI应用，此教程采用源码编译的方式进行opencv安装：
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get upgrade
sudo nano /etc/dphys-swapfile
CONF_SWAPSIZE=2048
sudo apt-get install build-essential cmake pkg-config
sudo apt-get install libjpeg-dev libtiff5-dev libjasper-dev libpng-dev
sudo apt-get install libavcodec-dev libavformat-dev libswscale-dev libv4l-dev
sudo apt-get install libxvidcore-dev libx264-dev
sudo apt-get install libgtk2.0-dev libgtk-3-dev
sudo apt-get install libatlas-base-dev gfortran
1：更换软件源用sudo命令进入/etc/apt/sources.list文件夹将官方源用#注释掉
sudo nano /etc/apt/sources.list
更换为阿里源：
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/raspbian/raspbian/ buster main contrib non-free rpi
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/raspbian/raspbian/ buster main contrib non-free rpi
2：更换系统源
sudo nano /etc/apt/sources.list.d/raspi.list
将官方的源用#注释掉更换为阿里源：
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/raspbian/raspbian/ buster main
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/raspbian/raspbian/ buster main
sudo apt install cmake
wget -O opencv.zip https://github.com/opencv/opencv/archive/4.5.1.zip
wget -O opencv_contrib.zip https://github.com/opencv/opencv_contrib/archive/4.5.1.zip
unzip opencv.zip
unzip opencv_contrib.zip
1.在opencv_contrib/modules/xfeatures2d/src/ 路径下放入以下文件
提取码：lenw
2.将opencv-4.5.1/modules/features2d/test/文件下的：
test_descriptors_invariance.impl.hpp
test_descriptors_regression.impl.hpp
test_detectors_invariance.impl.hpp
test_detectors_regression.impl.hpp
test_invariance_utils.hpp
拷贝到opencv_contrib-4.5.1/modules/xfeatures2d/test/文件下
3.将opencv_contrib-4.5.1/modules/xfeatures2d/test/test_features2d.cpp文件下的
#include "features2d/test/test_detectors_regression.impl.hpp"
#include "features2d/test/test_descriptors_regression.impl.hpp"
替换为：
#include "test_detectors_regression.impl.hpp"
#include "test_descriptors_regression.impl.hpp"
4.将opencv_contrib-4.4.5.1/modules/xfeatures2d/test//test_rotation_and_scale_invariance.cpp文件下的：
#include "features2d/test/test_detectors_invariance.impl.hpp"
#include "features2d/test/test_descriptors_invariance.impl.hpp"
替换为：
#include "test_detectors_invariance.impl.hpp"
#include "test_descriptors_invariance.impl.hpp"
sudo pip3 install numpy
大概需要两个小时
cd ~/opencv-4.5.1/
mkdir build
cd build
cmake -D CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=RELEASE \
-D CMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/usr/local \
-D INSTALL_PYTHON_EXAMPLES=ON \
-D OPENCV_EXTRA_MODULES_PATH=~/opencv_contrib-4.5.1/modules \
-D BUILD_EXAMPLES=ON ..
make -j4
sudo make install && sudo ldconfig
sudo reboot
用python进行验证,出现4.5.1证明安装成功
pi@raspberrypi:~ $ python3[按回车键]
>>> import cv2【按回车键】
>>> cv2.__version__【按回车健】
'4.5.1'
>>>
参考以下博客：
https://blog.csdn.net/pj18862486309/article/details/108686555
https://blog.csdn.net/chengyq116/article/details/86514237
Original: https://blog.csdn.net/qq_52462071/article/details/121869651
Author: God rewards the diligent
Title: 树莓派4B安装opencv4【详解】
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