Python基于函数模块化设计的图书管理系统
函数模块， 操作权限， 内存调用
Python函数的模块化设计可以解决现实中的问题。该过程就是抽象的问题进行函数模块化设计。图书管理系统是现实生活最为简单的实例，下面我们将演示以下如何通过模块化的程序设计来实现。
首先，我们先来学习一下python函数模块：
定义一个函数：
1.函数代码块以 def 关键词开头，后接函数标识符名称和圆括号 ()。
2.任何传入参数和自变量必须放在圆括号中间，圆括号之间可以用于定义参数。
3.函数的第一行语句可以选择性地使用文档字符串—用于存放函数说明。
4.函数内容以冒号 : 起始，并且缩进。
5. return [表达式] 结束函数，选择性地返回一个值给调用方，不带表达式的 return 相当于返回 None。
图书管理系统需要实现图书的增加，删除，修改，查阅，借阅，归还，个人信息修改。
用户注册函数：
def logon():
print("欢迎来到图书管理系统注册页面~")
username = input("请输入用户名：")
if len(username) < 6:
print("用户名不能小于6个字符")
else:
email = input("请输入邮箱：")
password = input("请输入密码：")
if len(password) < 8:
print("密码不能少于8位")
else:
rpassword = input("请确认密码：")
if password == rpassword:
print("注册成功！")
preserve_data(path, [username, ' ' + email, ' ' + password + '\n'])
login_tips = input('是否登录？(yes/no)')
if login_tips == 'yes':
login()
else:
pass
return True
else:
print("两次输入的密码不一致，请重新输入！")
logon()
path = r'C:\Users\ASUS\Desktop\2021课程\python\User.txt'
def preserve_data(file_path, data):
with open(file_path, 'a') as wstream:
if wstream.writable():
wstream.writelines(data)
else:
print("没有权限！")
用户登录函数：
def login():
print("欢迎来到图书管理系统登录页面~")
tips = input("是否已经注册？(yes/no)")
if tips == 'yes':
while True:
username = input("输入用户名：")
password = input("输入密码：")
try:
with open(path, 'rb') as stream:
result = stream.readlines()
uesr_list = [i.decode() for i in result]
for i in uesr_list:
info = i.split(' ')
print(info)
if username == info[0] and password == info[2].rstrip('\r\n'):
print("登录成功")
operate(book_path, username)
break
else:
print(info[0])
print(info[2])
raise Exception("用户名或密码错误，请重新输入！")
except Exception as err:
print(err)
else:
break
else:
print("您还未注册，请先注册后再登录！")
logon()
查阅图书函数：
def find_books(path):
try:
with open(path, 'r') as rstream:
container = rstream.readlines()
new_container = [books_name.rstrip('\n') for books_name in container]
for b_name in new_container:
print("《{}》".format(b_name))
except Exception as err:
print("错误原因：", err)
添加图书函数：
def add_book(b_path, username):
permission(b_path, username)
with open(b_path, 'a') as wstream:
if wstream.writable:
msg = input("请输入书名：")
try:
with open(b_path) as rstream:
while True:
line = rstream.readline()
line = line.rstrip('\n')
if not line:
book = '\n' + msg
wstream.write(book)
print("添加成功")
break
else:
if line == msg:
print("{}已添加,请不要重复添加哦~".format(msg))
break
except Exception as err:
print("错误原因：", err)
else:
print("没有权限")
修改图书函数：
def update_book(b_path, username):
permission(b_path, username)
try:
with open(b_path, 'r') as rstream:
container = rstream.read()
container = container.split('\n')
find_books(book_path)
book_name = input("请输入需要修改的图书书名：")
for i in range(len(container)):
if book_name == container[i]:
rbook_name = input("请输入修改后的图书书名：")
container[i] = rbook_name + '\n'
else:
container[i] = container[i] + '\n'
with open(b_path, 'w') as wwstream:
wwstream.writelines(container)
print("修改成功")
except Exception as err:
print("错误原因：", err)
删除图书函数：
def del_book(b_path, username):
permission(path, username)
try:
with open(b_path, 'r') as rstream:
container = rstream.read()
container = container.split('\n')
find_books(book_path)
book_name = input("请输入需要删除的图书书名：")
for i in range(len(container) - 1):
if book_name == container[i]:
container.remove(container[i])
else:
container[i] = container[i] + '\n'
with open(b_path, 'w') as wwstream:
wwstream.writelines(container)
print("删除成功")
except Exception as err:
print("错误原因：", err)
以上函数需要有管理员操作权限；
借阅图书函数：
def borrow_book(username):
while True:
print("图书列表：")
find_books(book_path)
borrow_books = input("请选择图书：")
try:
with open(r'C:\Users\ASUS\Desktop\2021课程\python\user_book.txt') as rstream:
lines = rstream.readline()
lines = lines.rstrip('\n')
lines = lines.split(' ')
if borrow_books not in lines:
if username in lines:
with open(r'C:\Users\ASUS\Desktop\2021课程\python\user_book.txt', 'a') as wstream:
if borrow_books not in lines:
wstream.write(' {}'.format(borrow_books))
print("借书成功")
break
else:
print("您已借过此书，请从新选择！")
break
else:
with open(r'C:\Users\ASUS\Desktop\2021课程\python\user_book.txt', 'a') as wstream:
wstream.write('\n{} {}\n'.format(username, borrow_books))
print("借书成功")
break
else:
print("<>已被用户{}借走，请重新选择~".format(borrow_books, lines[0]))
except Exception as err:
print("错误原因：", err)
归还图书函数：
def return_book(username):
try:
with open(r'C:\Users\ASUS\Desktop\2021课程\python\user_book.txt') as rstream:
lines = rstream.readlines()
for i in range(len(lines)):
lines[i] = lines[i].rstrip('\n')
lines[i] = lines[i].rstrip(' ')
lines[i] = lines[i].split(' ')
for ii in range(len(lines[i]) - 1):
if username == lines[i][0]:
print("{}您已借阅，未归还图书如下：".format(username))
print(lines[i][ii + 1])
msg = input("请选择你要归还的图书：")
with open(r'C:\Users\ASUS\Desktop\2021课程\python\user_book.txt') as rstream:
lines = rstream.readlines()
for i in range(len(lines)):
if username in lines[i] and msg in lines[i]:
lines[i] = lines[i].replace(msg, '')
with open(r'C:\Users\ASUS\Desktop\2021课程\python\user_book.txt', 'w') as wstream:
wstream.writelines(lines)
print("归还成功！")
break
with open(r'C:\Users\ASUS\Desktop\2021课程\python\user_book.txt') as rstream:
lines = rstream.readlines()
for i in range(len(lines)):
lines[i] = lines[i].rstrip('\n')
lines[i] = lines[i].rstrip(' ')
lines[i] = lines[i].split(' ')
for ii in range(len(lines[i])):
if username == lines[i][0] and len(lines[i]) == 1:
lines[i][0] = lines[i][0].replace(lines[i][0], '')
lines.append(lines[i][0])
str = ''
for i in range(len(lines)):
for ii in range(len(lines[i])):
str += lines[i][ii] + ' '
str += '\n'
lines.clear()
lines.append(str)
with open(r'C:\Users\ASUS\Desktop\2021课程\python\user_book.txt', 'w') as wstream:
wstream.writelines(lines)
else:
print("您还没有借阅记录哦~")
except Exception as err:
print("错误原因：", err)
个人信息修改：
def look_person_info(path, username):
with open(path) as rstream:
lines = rstream.readlines()
for info in lines:
info = info.split(' ')
if username in info:
print("----个人信息----")
print("用户名：", info[0])
print("邮箱：", info[1])
print("密码：", info[2].rstrip(' '))
def update_password(path, username):
tips = input("请选择操作：\n 1.修改邮箱\n 2.修改密码\n")
if tips == '1':
new_email = ''
line = []
try:
with open(path) as rstream:
while True:
line = rstream.readline()
if not line:
break
line = line.split(' ')
line[2] = line[2].rstrip('\n')
if username == line[0]:
new_email = input("请输入新邮箱：")
line[1] = new_email
break
except Exception as err:
print(err)
else:
with open(path, 'a') as wstream:
for i in range(len(line)):
if i == 0:
line[i] = '\n' + line[i] + ' '
else:
line[i] = line[i] + ' '
wstream.writelines(line)
print("修改成功")
with open(path) as rstream:
lines = rstream.readlines()
i = 0
l = len(lines)
while i < l:
if username in lines[i] and new_email not in lines[i]:
lines.remove(lines[i])
i += 1
l -= 1
with open(path, 'w') as wstream:
wstream.writelines(lines)
elif tips == '2':
new_password = ''
line = []
try:
with open(path) as rstream:
while True:
line = rstream.readline()
if not line:
break
line = line.split(' ')
line[2] = line[2].rstrip('\n')
if username == line[0]:
new_password = input("请输入新密码：")
if new_password == line[2]:
raise Exception("新密码不能与旧密码相同哦~")
else:
line[2] = new_password
break
except Exception as err:
print(err)
else:
with open(path, 'a') as wstream:
for i in range(len(line)):
if i == 0:
line[i] = '\n' + line[i] + ' '
else:
line[i] = line[i] + ' '
wstream.writelines(line)
print("修改成功")
with open(path) as rstream:
lines = rstream.readlines()
i = 0
l = len(lines)
while i < l:
if username in lines[i] and new_password not in lines[i]:
lines.remove(lines[i])
i += 1
l -= 1
with open(path, 'w') as wstream:
wstream.writelines(lines)
普通用户信息:
def person_information(path, username):
tips = input("请选择操作：\n 1.查看个人信息\n 2.修改个人信息\n")
if tips == '1':
look_person_info(path, username)
elif tips == '2':
update_password(path, username)
只有管理员可执行：
user_path = r'C:\Users\ASUS\Desktop\2021课程\python\book.txt'
def permission(user_path, username):
try:
with open(user_path) as rstream:
while True:
line = rstream.readline()
if not line:
break
line = line.split(' ')
for i in range(len(line)):
line[i] = line[i].rstrip('\n')
if username == 'adm':
pass
else:
print("只有管理员adm才可以进行该操作~")
operate(path, username)
except Exception as err:
print("错误原因：", err)
主操作界面：
book_path = r'C:\Users\ASUS\Desktop\2021课程\python\book.txt'
def operate(b_path,username):
if username == 'adm':
while True:
msg = input("请选择操作:\n 1.查询图书\n 2.添加图书\n 3.修改图书\n 4.删除图书\n 5.借书\n 6.归还图书\n 7.个人信息\n 8.退出登录\n")
if msg =='1':
find_books(book_path)
elif msg =='2':
add_book(b_path, username)
elif msg =='3':
update_book(b_path, username)
elif msg =='4':
del_book(b_path, username)
elif msg =='5':
borrow_book(username)
elif msg =='6':
return_book(username)
elif msg =='7':
person_information(path, username)
elif msg =='8':
msg = input("确定退出登录吗？(yes)")
if msg == 'yes':
break
else:
print("无效操作")
else:
while True:
msg = input("请选择操作:\n 1.查询图书\n 2.借书\n 3.归还图书\n 4.个人信息\n 5.退出登录\n")
if msg =='1':
find_books(book_path)
elif msg =='2':
borrow_book(username)
elif msg =='3':
return_book(username)
elif msg =='4':
person_information(path, username)
elif msg =='5':
msg = input("确定退出登录吗？(yes)")
if msg == 'yes':
break
else:
print("无效操作")
login()
完整代码：
def logon():
print("欢迎来到图书管理系统注册页面~")
username = input("请输入用户名：")
if len(username) < 6:
print("用户名不能小于6个字符")
else:
email = input("请输入邮箱：")
password = input("请输入密码：")
if len(password) < 8:
print("密码不能少于8位")
else:
rpassword = input("请确认密码：")
if password == rpassword:
print("注册成功！")
preserve_data(path, [username, ' ' + email, ' ' + password + '\n'])
login_tips = input('是否登录？(yes/no)')
if login_tips == 'yes':
login()
else:
pass
return True
else:
print("两次输入的密码不一致，请重新输入！")
logon()
path = r'C:\Users\ASUS\Desktop\2021课程\python\User.txt'
def preserve_data(file_path, data):
with open(file_path, 'a') as wstream:
if wstream.writable():
wstream.writelines(data)
else:
print("没有权限！")
def login():
print("欢迎来到图书管理系统登录页面~")
tips = input("是否已经注册？(yes/no)")
if tips == 'yes':
while True:
username = input("输入用户名：")
password = input("输入密码：")
try:
with open(path, 'rb') as stream:
result = stream.readlines()
uesr_list = [i.decode() for i in result]
for i in uesr_list:
info = i.split(' ')
print(info)
if username == info[0] and password == info[2].rstrip('\r\n'):
print("登录成功")
operate(book_path, username)
break
else:
print(info[0])
print(info[2])
raise Exception("用户名或密码错误，请重新输入！")
except Exception as err:
print(err)
else:
break
else:
print("您还未注册，请先注册后再登录！")
logon()
def find_books(path):
try:
with open(path, 'r') as rstream:
container = rstream.readlines()
new_container = [books_name.rstrip('\n') for books_name in container]
for b_name in new_container:
print("《{}》".format(b_name))
except Exception as err:
print("错误原因：", err)
def add_book(b_path, username):
permission(b_path, username)
with open(b_path, 'a') as wstream:
if wstream.writable:
msg = input("请输入书名：")
try:
with open(b_path) as rstream:
while True:
line = rstream.readline()
line = line.rstrip('\n')
if not line:
book = '\n' + msg
wstream.write(book)
print("添加成功")
break
else:
if line == msg:
print("{}已添加,请不要重复添加哦~".format(msg))
break
except Exception as err:
print("错误原因：", err)
else:
print("没有权限")
def update_book(b_path, username):
permission(b_path, username)
try:
with open(b_path, 'r') as rstream:
container = rstream.read()
container = container.split('\n')
find_books(book_path)
book_name = input("请输入需要修改的图书书名：")
for i in range(len(container)):
if book_name == container[i]:
rbook_name = input("请输入修改后的图书书名：")
container[i] = rbook_name + '\n'
else:
container[i] = container[i] + '\n'
with open(b_path, 'w') as wwstream:
wwstream.writelines(container)
print("修改成功")
except Exception as err:
print("错误原因：", err)
def del_book(b_path, username):
permission(path, username)
try:
with open(b_path, 'r') as rstream:
container = rstream.read()
container = container.split('\n')
find_books(book_path)
book_name = input("请输入需要删除的图书书名：")
for i in range(len(container) - 1):
if book_name == container[i]:
container.remove(container[i])
else:
container[i] = container[i] + '\n'
with open(b_path, 'w') as wwstream:
wwstream.writelines(container)
print("删除成功")
except Exception as err:
print("错误原因：", err)
def borrow_book(username):
while True:
print("图书列表：")
find_books(book_path)
borrow_books = input("请选择图书：")
try:
with open(r'C:\Users\ASUS\Desktop\2021课程\python\user_book.txt') as rstream:
lines = rstream.readline()
lines = lines.rstrip('\n')
lines = lines.split(' ')
if borrow_books not in lines:
if username in lines:
with open(r'C:\Users\ASUS\Desktop\2021课程\python\user_book.txt', 'a') as wstream:
if borrow_books not in lines:
wstream.write(' {}'.format(borrow_books))
print("借书成功")
break
else:
print("您已借过此书，请从新选择！")
break
else:
with open(r'C:\Users\ASUS\Desktop\2021课程\python\user_book.txt', 'a') as wstream:
wstream.write('\n{} {}\n'.format(username, borrow_books))
print("借书成功")
break
else:
print("<>已被用户{}借走，请重新选择~".format(borrow_books, lines[0]))
except Exception as err:
print("错误原因：", err)
def return_book(username):
try:
with open(r'C:\Users\ASUS\Desktop\2021课程\python\user_book.txt') as rstream:
lines = rstream.readlines()
for i in range(len(lines)):
lines[i] = lines[i].rstrip('\n')
lines[i] = lines[i].rstrip(' ')
lines[i] = lines[i].split(' ')
for ii in range(len(lines[i]) - 1):
if username == lines[i][0]:
print("{}您已借阅，未归还图书如下：".format(username))
print(lines[i][ii + 1])
msg = input("请选择你要归还的图书：")
with open(r'C:\Users\ASUS\Desktop\2021课程\python\user_book.txt') as rstream:
lines = rstream.readlines()
for i in range(len(lines)):
if username in lines[i] and msg in lines[i]:
lines[i] = lines[i].replace(msg, '')
with open(r'C:\Users\ASUS\Desktop\2021课程\python\user_book.txt', 'w') as wstream:
wstream.writelines(lines)
print("归还成功！")
break
with open(r'C:\Users\ASUS\Desktop\2021课程\python\user_book.txt') as rstream:
lines = rstream.readlines()
for i in range(len(lines)):
lines[i] = lines[i].rstrip('\n')
lines[i] = lines[i].rstrip(' ')
lines[i] = lines[i].split(' ')
for ii in range(len(lines[i])):
if username == lines[i][0] and len(lines[i]) == 1:
lines[i][0] = lines[i][0].replace(lines[i][0], '')
lines.append(lines[i][0])
str = ''
for i in range(len(lines)):
for ii in range(len(lines[i])):
str += lines[i][ii] + ' '
str += '\n'
lines.clear()
lines.append(str)
with open(r'C:\Users\ASUS\Desktop\2021课程\python\user_book.txt', 'w') as wstream:
wstream.writelines(lines)
else:
print("您还没有借阅记录哦~")
except Exception as err:
print("错误原因：", err)
def look_person_info(path, username):
with open(path) as rstream:
lines = rstream.readlines()
for info in lines:
info = info.split(' ')
if username in info:
print("----个人信息----")
print("用户名：", info[0])
print("邮箱：", info[1])
print("密码：", info[2].rstrip(' '))
def update_password(path, username):
tips = input("请选择操作：\n 1.修改邮箱\n 2.修改密码\n")
if tips == '1':
new_email = ''
line = []
try:
with open(path) as rstream:
while True:
line = rstream.readline()
if not line:
break
line = line.split(' ')
line[2] = line[2].rstrip('\n')
if username == line[0]:
new_email = input("请输入新邮箱：")
line[1] = new_email
break
except Exception as err:
print(err)
else:
with open(path, 'a') as wstream:
for i in range(len(line)):
if i == 0:
line[i] = '\n' + line[i] + ' '
else:
line[i] = line[i] + ' '
wstream.writelines(line)
print("修改成功")
with open(path) as rstream:
lines = rstream.readlines()
i = 0
l = len(lines)
while i < l:
if username in lines[i] and new_email not in lines[i]:
lines.remove(lines[i])
i += 1
l -= 1
with open(path, 'w') as wstream:
wstream.writelines(lines)
elif tips == '2':
new_password = ''
line = []
try:
with open(path) as rstream:
while True:
line = rstream.readline()
if not line:
break
line = line.split(' ')
line[2] = line[2].rstrip('\n')
if username == line[0]:
new_password = input("请输入新密码：")
if new_password == line[2]:
raise Exception("新密码不能与旧密码相同哦~")
else:
line[2] = new_password
break
except Exception as err:
print(err)
else:
with open(path, 'a') as wstream:
for i in range(len(line)):
if i == 0:
line[i] = '\n' + line[i] + ' '
else:
line[i] = line[i] + ' '
wstream.writelines(line)
print("修改成功")
with open(path) as rstream:
lines = rstream.readlines()
i = 0
l = len(lines)
while i < l:
if username in lines[i] and new_password not in lines[i]:
lines.remove(lines[i])
i += 1
l -= 1
with open(path, 'w') as wstream:
wstream.writelines(lines)
def person_information(path, username):
tips = input("请选择操作：\n 1.查看个人信息\n 2.修改个人信息\n")
if tips == '1':
look_person_info(path, username)
elif tips == '2':
update_password(path, username)
user_path = r'C:\Users\ASUS\Desktop\2021课程\python\book.txt'
def permission(user_path, username):
try:
with open(user_path) as rstream:
while True:
line = rstream.readline()
if not line:
break
line = line.split(' ')
for i in range(len(line)):
line[i] = line[i].rstrip('\n')
if username == 'adm':
pass
else:
print("只有管理adm才可以进行该操作~")
operate(path, username)
except Exception as err:
print("错误原因：", err)
book_path = r'C:\Users\ASUS\Desktop\2021课程\python\book.txt'
def operate(b_path,username):
if username == 'adm':
while True:
msg = input("请选择操作:\n 1.查询图书\n 2.添加图书\n 3.修改图书\n 4.删除图书\n 5.借书\n 6.归还图书\n 7.个人信息\n 8.退出登录\n")
if msg =='1':
find_books(book_path)
elif msg =='2':
add_book(b_path, username)
elif msg =='3':
update_book(b_path, username)
elif msg =='4':
del_book(b_path, username)
elif msg =='5':
borrow_book(username)
elif msg =='6':
return_book(username)
elif msg =='7':
person_information(path, username)
elif msg =='8':
msg = input("确定退出登录吗？(yes)")
if msg == 'yes':
break
else:
print("无效操作")
else:
while True:
msg = input("请选择操作:\n 1.查询图书\n 2.借书\n 3.归还图书\n 4.个人信息\n 5.退出登录\n")
if msg =='1':
find_books(book_path)
elif msg =='2':
borrow_book(username)
elif msg =='3':
return_book(username)
elif msg =='4':
person_information(path, username)
elif msg =='5':
msg = input("确定退出登录吗？(yes)")
if msg == 'yes':
break
else:
print("无效操作")
login()
注：
1.文件读取路径各有差异，需要进行修改；
2.管理员身份需要在函数模块内修改，注册时且仅有一个。
3.建议运行环境使用pycharm.
以上为本次分享的全部内容感谢大家的支持，欢迎留言评论。
Original: https://blog.csdn.net/m0_46228023/article/details/117961898
Author: 油饼包烧麦
Title: python实现图书管理系统
原创文章受到原创版权保护。转载请注明出处：https://www.johngo689.com/671037/
转载文章受原作者版权保护。转载请注明原作者出处！