【OD矩阵】《城市公交IC卡·数据分析方法及应用》利用公交运营时间和乘客刷卡时间特征识别上车点

《城市公交IC卡·数据分析方法及应用》 陈学武、李海波、候贤耀著

一般情况下,IC卡是没有记录上车点的信息,需要结合其他数据对IC卡处理

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公交运营时间和乘客刷卡时间特征

公交车辆运营一趟的的总时间:
T = t a n − t a l = ∑ i = 1 k − 1 ( T s k − T r k ) T = t_{an}-t_{al} = \sum_{i=1}^{k-1}(T_{sk}-T_{rk})T =t a n ​−t a l ​=i =1 ∑k −1 ​(T s k ​−T r k ​)
总时间 = 运行时间+停靠时间

公交车辆到达第k个站点的时间:
t a k = t a 1 + ∑ i = 1 k − 1 ( T s i − T r i ) t_{ak} = t_{a1}+\sum_{i= 1}^{k-1}(T_{si} – T_{ri})t a k ​=t a 1 ​+i =1 ∑k −1 ​(T s i ​−T r i ​)
到达第k个站点的时间 = 起始时间 +此站前的总时间

车辆离开第K个站点的时间:
t s k = t a 1 + ∑ i = 1 k − 1 ( T s i − T r i ) + T s k t_{sk} = t_{a1}+\sum_{i= 1}^{k-1}(T_{si} – T_{ri})+T_{sk}t s k ​=t a 1 ​+i =1 ∑k −1 ​(T s i ​−T r i ​)+T s k ​
离开第K个站点的时间 = 到达时间+停靠时间

综上,车辆在第K歌站点停留时间区间为:
[ t a k , t l k ] = [ t a 1 + ∑ i = 1 k − 1 ( T s i − T r i ) , t a 1 + ∑ i = 1 k − 1 ( T s i − T r i ) + T s k ] [t_{ak},t_{lk}] = [t_{a1}+\sum_{i= 1}^{k-1}(T_{si} – T_{ri}) , t_{a1}+\sum_{i= 1}^{k-1}(T_{si} – T_{ri})+T_{sk}][t a k ​,t l k ​]=[t a 1 ​+i =1 ∑k −1 ​(T s i ​−T r i ​),t a 1 ​+i =1 ∑k −1 ​(T s i ​−T r i ​)+T s k ​]

其中:

k ——站点号

t a 1 t_{a1}t a 1 ​ —— 起点发车时间

t l 1 t_{l1}t l 1 ​ —— 起点离开时间

t a k t_{ak}t a k ​ —— 到达第k个站点的时间

t l k t_{lk}t l k ​ —— 离开第k个站点的时间

T s 1 T_{s1}T s 1 ​—— 起点站发车时间与离开时间间隔

T r 1 T_{r1}T r 1 ​ —— 起点发车时间(第一站)到下一站的运行时间

T s k T_{sk}T s k ​ —— 车辆在第k个站点的停留时间

T r k T_{rk}T r k ​ —— 车辆离开第k个站到达下一个站的运行时间

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乘客刷卡时间特征

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上车点识别

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主要方法分为 层次聚类非层次聚类,如:k-means、BIRCH、DBSCAN等方法

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  • 在公交IC卡数据聚类的基础上,利用公交调度数据推算公交车辆到站时间,利用公交IC卡时间与公交车辆到站时间匹配识别上车点。
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计算 各组刷卡数据的 中间值最大刷卡间隔 并存储 以备和车辆停靠时间匹配,确定上车点

中间值:组内各组刷卡时间的算数平均数(个人看法:取中位数研究)

最大时间间隔:组中最后一次和第一次之间的时间间隔

这里定义 公交停靠时刻 为车辆停靠在停靠站 停靠的中间时刻 即:
t k = t a k + ( t l k + t a k ) 2 = t l ( k − 1 ) + T r ( k − 1 ) + T s k 2 , k > = 2. t_k = t_{ak} + \frac{(t_{lk}+t_{ak})}{2} \= t_{l(k-1)} + T_{r(k-1)}+\frac{T_{sk}}{2},k>=2.t k ​=t a k ​+2 (t l k ​+t a k ​)​=t l (k −1 )​+T r (k −1 )​+2 T s k ​​,k >=2 .
可以从公交调度信息表中提取出 车辆起点发车时刻t_l1终点站到站时刻t_an

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t l k = t l ( k − 1 ) + T r ( k − 1 ) + T s k 离 开 时 刻 = 上 一 站 离 开 时 刻 + 上 一 段 路 上 运 行 时 间 + 此 站 的 停 靠 时 间 = [ t l ( k − 2 ) + T r ( k − 2 ) + T s ( k − 1 ) ] + T r ( k − 1 ) + T s k 通 过 递 归 , 递 推 到 t l 1 = t l 1 + ∑ i = 1 k − 1 T r i + ∑ i = 2 k T s i 整 理 后 得 到 上 面 的 公 式 t_{lk} = t_{l(k-1)}+T_{r(k-1)}+T_{sk}\ 离开时刻 = 上一站离开时刻+上一段路上运行时间+此站的停靠时间\ \qquad\\qquad\ =[t_{l(k-2)}+T_{r(k-2)}+T_{s(k-1)}]+T_{r(k-1)}+T_{sk}\ 通过递归,递推到t_{l1}\ \qquad\\qquad\ = t_{l1}+\sum_{i = 1}^{k-1}T_{ri}+\sum_{i=2}^{k}T_{si}\ 整理后得到上面的公式t l k ​=t l (k −1 )​+T r (k −1 )​+T s k ​离开时刻=上一站离开时刻+上一段路上运行时间+此站的停靠时间=[t l (k −2 )​+T r (k −2 )​+T s (k −1 )​]+T r (k −1 )​+T s k ​通过递归,递推到t l 1 ​=t l 1 ​+i =1 ∑k −1 ​T r i ​+i =2 ∑k ​T s i ​整理后得到上面的公式

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停靠时间T s k T_{sk}T s k ​ : 注意到的刷卡数据聚类后计算得到的 各组的刷卡时间间隔Δk表示)数据可以近似表示为 站点停靠时间,其他没有刷卡数据的站点其停靠时间可以根据 调查近似值

站点间运行时间T s k T_{sk}T s k ​ :站间距离/平均运行速度的值,单位s,计算公式:
T r k = l k ( k + 1 ) V ‾ V ‾ = l t a n − t l n − ∑ i = 2 n − 1 T s i 即 : T r k = l k ( k + 1 ) ∗ ( t a n − t l n − ∑ i = 2 n − 1 T s i ) l T_{rk} = \frac{l_{k(k+1)}}{\overline{V}}\ \qquad\\qquad\ \overline{V} = \frac{l}{t_{an}-t_{ln}-\sum_{i = 2}^{n-1}T_{si}}\ \qquad\\qquad\ 即:T_{rk} = \frac{l_{k(k+1)}*(t_{an}-t_{ln}-\sum_{i = 2}^{n-1}T_{si})}{l}\T r k ​=V l k (k +1 )​​V =t a n ​−t l n ​−∑i =2 n −1 ​T s i ​l ​即:T r k ​=l l k (k +1 )​∗(t a n ​−t l n ​−∑i =2 n −1 ​T s i ​)​

通过聚类分析和停靠时刻推算得到个各类中 公交刷卡时间的”中间值t m t_m t m ​”公交车辆在各站点的”停靠时刻t k t_k t k ​”

通过t_m和t_k之间的距离 Δmk ,当 Δmk = min( |t m − t k t_m – t_k t m ​−t k ​ | ) 时,所取 t k t_k t k ​ 对应的 停靠站点认为时 t m t_m t m ​ 所对应的 刷卡记录的刷卡站点,即 上车站点

Original: https://blog.csdn.net/chentao326/article/details/122668127
Author: chentao326
Title: 【OD矩阵】《城市公交IC卡·数据分析方法及应用》利用公交运营时间和乘客刷卡时间特征识别上车点

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