电信号可以转换成声音信号，当然声音信号也可以转换成电信号。声音需要通过空气、木材、水、金属等媒介传播。声音不可能在真空中传播。如果我们去月球玩，即使我们割断了喉咙，也无法交流。然而，电磁波的传播不需要介质，它也可以传播得很远。如果声音被转换成电信号，然后通过电磁波传输，即使我们在地球上，我们也可以与太空中的宇航员交谈。
[En]
Electrical signals can be converted into sound signals, and of course sound signals can also be converted into electrical signals. Sound needs to be transmitted through a medium, such as air, wood, water, metal, and so on. There is no way for sound to spread in a vacuum. If we go to the moon to play, we won’t be able to communicate even if we cut our throats. However, the propagation of electromagnetic waves does not need a medium, and it can also travel very far. If the sound is converted into electrical signals and then transmitted through electromagnetic waves, even if we are on earth, we can also talk to astronauts in space.
驻极体麦克风可以把声音转化为电信号：
驻极体传声器是一种声电转换元件，它由声电转换、阻抗变换和信号放大器组成。它里面有一个驻极体振膜。当声音振动时，驻极体两端的电容会引起电场变化，然后被内置场效应管放大，声音就会转换成微弱的电压信号。
[En]
Electret microphone is a kind of acoustoelectric conversion element, which is composed of acousto-electric conversion, impedance transformation and signal amplifier. there is an electret diaphragm inside it. When the sound vibrates, the capacitance at both ends of the electret will cause the electric field change, and then amplified by the built-in field effect tube, the sound will be converted into a weak voltage signal.
线圈也可以将声音转化为电信号：
扬声器可以将变化的电信号转换成声音信号，你以前见过吗？它由一个隔膜、一个线圈和一个磁铁组成。事实上，喇叭还可以将声音信号转换为电信号。当喇叭遇到声振时，喇叭振膜会带动线圈在磁场中运动。根据磁电的电磁转换原理，线圈在磁场中的运动实际上等于磁场的变化，变化的磁场会使线圈产生微弱的电信号。
[En]
Loudspeakers can convert changing electrical signals into sound signals, have you seen them before? It consists of a diaphragm, a coil and a magnet. In fact, the horn can also convert the sound signal into an electrical signal. When the horn encounters sound vibration, the horn diaphragm will drive the coil to move in the magnetic field. According to the electromagnetic conversion principle of “magnetoelectricity”, the movement of the coil in the magnetic field is actually equal to the change of the magnetic field, and the changing magnetic field will make the coil produce a weak electrical signal.
声音变为电信号后有什么用？
驻极体麦克风或喇叭转换的电信号实际上很弱，需要通过放大电路进行放大。
[En]
The electrical signal converted by electret microphone or horn is actually very weak, and it needs to be amplified by amplifying circuit.
- 声音转化来的微弱的电信号经过放大后可以驱动喇叭放出声音，这就是常见的扩音器了。
- 声音转化来的微弱的电信号经过放大后可以通过通讯网络传递到其它地方后再变回声音，这就是语音通话了。
- 声音转化来的微弱的电信号经过放大后还可以控制其它电路的工作，这就是我们常用的声控开关了。
- 声音转化来的微弱的电信号经过放大后再通过AI智能算法进行语音识别，就可以实现我们常用的智能语音控制了。
- 声音转化来的微弱的电信号经过放大后，再转化为数字格式的数据储存起来，就是我们常用的录音了。
三极管放大电路示意图：
Original: https://blog.csdn.net/ALakers/article/details/113130671
Author: Time-Traveler
Title: 声音信号如何转化为电信号
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