从字面上讲，麦克风阵列指的是麦克风的排列。也就是说，一定数量的麦克风按照一定的规则形状排列成阵列，用于采集声音信号的空间特征的传播。根据布局形状，麦克风阵列可分为线性阵列、立体声阵列和平面阵列。
[En]
Literally, the microphone array refers to the arrangement of microphones. That is, a certain number of microphones are arranged according to a certain regular shape to form an array, which is used to collect the propagation of the spatial characteristics of sound signals. According to the layout shape, the microphone array can be divided into linear, stereo and planar arrays.
以下是沐浴科技小编对这三大阵容的详细解读：
[En]
The following is a detailed explanation of these three arrays by the editor of Mu Woo Technology:
线性麦克风阵列可分为加法麦克风阵列和差分麦克风阵列。线性传声器阵列的设计简单方便，输出为每个传声器的加权和，这是我们在家用电器和车载设备中经常使用的。差分麦克风阵列输出每个麦克风的加权损伤，这是耳机中经常使用的。
[En]
Linear microphone array can be divided into additive microphone array and differential microphone array. the design of linear microphone array is simple and convenient, and the output is the weighted sum of each microphone, which is often used in our household appliances and vehicle equipment. the differential microphone array outputs the weighted impairment of each microphone, which is often used in headphones.
立体声麦克风阵列实现了360°空间输出，解决了不同角度高度造成的信号响应不及时的问题。
[En]
The stereo microphone array realizes 360 °output in space and solves the problem of untimely signal response caused by various angle heights.
平面麦克风阵列可输出360°平面，适用于麦克风数量较多的场景。麦克风越多，空间的划分就越细致，从而提升语音质量，降低噪音。它经常用于语音机器人和智能音响设备。
[En]
Planar microphone array can output 360 °plane, which is suitable for scenes with a large number of microphones. The more microphones, the more detailed the division of space, so as to enhance speech quality and reduce noise. It is often used in voice robots and intelligent audio equipment.
麦克风阵列的作用主要体现在以下几点：
[En]
The function of microphone array is mainly reflected in the following points:
1、跟踪定位声源：麦克风阵列可以检测到声源位置，主要通过信号到达两个麦克风之间的时间差距，可以对声源和阵列之间的方位和距离进行计算，达到对目标声源进行跟踪和增强目标语音的目的。
2、抑制混响、噪音和回声：过大的噪音和回声混响干扰会让声音听不清楚，严重的影响到语音识别功能，语音质量会严重下降，运用麦克风阵列可以进行混响和回声的去除。
3、信号提取和信号分离：麦克风阵列可以形成一个波束，可以将信号分离开，只对波束里的信号进行采集，既可以提取信号也可以分离信号。
随着科学技术的发展，人工智能产品越来越贴近我们的生活，人们对语音技术越来越重视，传统的短距离语音技术已经无法满足人们的需求。人们希望能够在更远、更复杂的环境中用语音控制智能设备，因此麦克风阵列逐渐成为语音技术的核心。麦克风阵列已成为语音增强和语音信号处理的重要组成部分，可应用于智能机器人、车载设备、通信技术、家用电器、视频会议等领域。
[En]
With the development of science and technology, artificial intelligence products are getting closer and closer to our lives, people pay more and more attention to voice technology, and the traditional short-range voice technology has been unable to meet people’s needs. people want to be able to use voice to control intelligent devices in a farther and more complex environment, so microphone array has gradually become the core of voice technology. Microphone array has become an important part of speech enhancement and speech signal processing, which can be used in intelligent robots, vehicle devices, communication technology, household appliances, video conferencing and other fields.
Muvu科技认为，未来的麦克风阵列将朝着小型化、低成本和多人语音识别处理的方向发展，与人工智能技术的结合将成为其发展的突破口。
[En]
Muvu Technology believes that the future microphone array will develop in the direction of miniaturization, low cost and the recognition and processing of multiple human voices, and the combination with artificial intelligence technology will become a breakthrough in its development.
Original: https://blog.csdn.net/Rmwcf/article/details/125725031
Author: Rmwcf
Title: 详解麦克风阵列的原理、分类及作用
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