pip install Selenium
- Chrome 是初始化谷歌浏览器
- Firefox 是初始化火狐浏览器
- Edge 是初始化IE浏览器
- PhantomJS 是一个无界面浏览器。
from selenium import webdriver
driver = webdriver.Chrome()
- maximize_window 最大化窗口
- set_window_size 自定义窗口大小
from selenium import webdriver
driver = webdriver.Chrome()
driver.maximize_window()
from selenium import webdriver
driver = webdriver.Chrome()
driver.get('https://www.baidu.com')
- 定位一个元素:find_element_by_id()
-
定位多个元素:find_elements_by_id()
-
定位一个元素:find_element_by_name()
-
定位多个元素:find_elements_by_name()
-
定位一个元素:find_element_by_xpath()
-
定位多个元素:find_elements_by_xpath()
-
定位一个元素:find_element_by_link_text()
-
定位多个元素:find_elements_by_link_text()
-
定位一个元素:find_element_by_partial_link_text()
-
定位多个元素:find_elements_by_partial_link_text()
-
定位一个元素:find_element_by_tag_name()
-
定位多个元素:find_elements_by_tag_name()
-
定位一个元素:find_element_by_class_name()
-
定位多个元素:find_elements_by_class_name()
-
定位一个元素:find_element_by_css_selector()
- 定位多个元素:find_elements_by_css_selector()
找到百度首页的输入框
from selenium import webdriver
driver = webdriver.Chrome()
driver.get('https://www.baidu.com')
driver.find_element_by_id('kw')
- 需引入By模块
from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By
driver = webdriver.Chrome()
driver.get('https://www.baidu.com')
driver.find_element(By.ID, 'kw')
- 点击某个元素:click()
- 模拟输入:send_keys()
- 清除操作:clear()
- 提交表单:submit()
- 获取元素的属性值:get_attribute(name)
- 获取元素的位置:location
- 获取元素的文本值:text
- 获取元素的大小:size
- 获取元素的id值:id
- 获取元素的标签名:tag_name
在百度输入框中输入我是autofelix,并点击搜索按钮
from selenium import webdriver
driver = webdriver.Chrome()
driver.get('https://www.baidu.com')
driver.find_element_by_id('kw').send_keys('我是autofelix')
driver.find_element_by_id('su').click()
from selenium import webdriver
driver = webdriver.Chrome()
driver.maximize_window()
driver.get('https://www.baidu.com')
js_sql = '''
document.getElementById('kw').value = '我是autofelix'
'''
driver.execute_script(js_sql)
- 网页中frame的话,需要执行切入切出操作
- switch_to.from(子iframe的id名称) 切入
- switch_to.parent_frame(父iframe的id名称) 切出
from selenium import webdriver
driver = webdriver.Chrome()
driver.maximize_window()
driver.get('https://www.baidu.com')
//这个网址并没有iframe,我臆测有,你们看看就行
driver.switch_to.frame('我臆测出来的iframe')
- 删除当前页面所有cookies:delete_all_cookies()
- 获取指定cookie值:get_cookie(name)
- 获取当前页面所有cookies值:get_cookies()
- 设置cookie值:add_cookie()
from selenium import webdriver
driver = webdriver.Chrome()
driver.maximize_window()
driver.get('https://www.baidu.com')
driver.delete_all_cookies()
driver.add_cookie({'name': 'name', 'domain': '.baidu.com', 'value': 'autofelix'})
- 保存所有选项卡的元组:window_handles
- 切换选项卡:switch_to.window()
from selenium import webdriver
driver = webdriver.Chrome()
driver.maximize_window()
driver.get('https://www.baidu.com')
driver.get('https://www.taobao.com')
driver.switch_to.window(driver.window_handles[0])
driver.switch_to.window(driver.window_handles[1])
- 鼠标事件需要引入ActionChains模块
- 鼠标右击:move_to_element(above)
- 鼠标双击:double_click()
- 左键按住拖动:drag_and_drop()
- 动作存储:perform()
滑动滑块验证码
from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver import ActionChains
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By
from selenium.webdriver.support.wait import WebDriverWait
from selenium.webdriver.support import expected_conditions as EC
初始化谷歌浏览器
driver = webdriver.Chrome()
最大化窗口
driver.maximize_window()
打开头条登陆网址
driver.get('https://sso.toutiao.com')
等待某个元素是否出现
WebDriverWait(self.driver, 10).until(
EC.text_to_be_present_in_element((By.XPATH, '//*[@id="mobile-code-get"]/span'), u'发送')
)
实例化鼠标操作
action = ActionChains(self.driver)
按住滑块
action.click_and_hold(self.driver.find_element_by_xpath('//*[@id="captcha_container"]')).perform()
将滑块移动x的距离
action.move_by_offset(xoffset=x, yoffset=0).perform()
释放滑块
action.release().perform()
- 隐式等待:如果指定的元素在某个时间没有出现,进程不会阻塞,但如果在指定的时间没有找到,则会抛出异常。
[En]
implicit wait: if the specified element does not appear at a certain time, the process will not block, but an exception will be thrown if it is not found at the specified time.*
- 显示等待:如果指定的元素在一定时间内没有出现,流程会在这里阻塞,如果在指定的时间内没有找到,会抛出异常
[En]
display wait: if the specified element does not appear within a certain period of time, the process will block here, and if it is not found by the specified time, an exception will be thrown*
隐氏等待from selenium import webdriverdriver = webdriver.Chrome()driver.implicitly_wait(10)driver.get('https://www.baidu.com')
显示等待from selenium import webdriverfrom selenium.webdriver.common.by import Byfrom selenium.webdriver.support.ui import WebDriverWaitfrom selenium.webdriver.support import expected_conditions as ECdriver = webdriver.Chrome()driver.implicitly_wait(10)driver.get('https://www.baidu.com')WebDriverWait(driver, 10).until( EC.presence_of_element_located((By.ID, 'kw')))
- 后退:back()
- 前进:forward()
- 刷新:refresh()
from selenium import webdriverdriver = webdriver.Chrome()driver.get('https://www.baidu.com')driver.get('https://www.taobao.com')driver.get('https://www.jd.com')driver.back()driver.forward()driver.refresh()
- 关闭当前标签页:close()
- 关闭整个浏览器:quit()
from selenium import webdriverdriver = webdriver.Chrome()driver.get('https://www.baidu.com')//打开百度页面后,关闭整个浏览器driver.quit()
Original: https://www.cnblogs.com/sunnyeden/p/16046382.html
Author: sunnyeden
Title: python 包之 selenium 自动化使用教程
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