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微服务SpringCloud之Spring Cloud Config配置中心Git

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微服务以单个接口为颗粒度，一个接口可能就是一个项目，如果每个项目都包含一个配置文件，一个系统可能有几十或上百个小项目组成，那配置文件也会有好多，对后续修改维护也是比较麻烦，就和前面的服务注册一样，服务注册与发现是将服务从分散到中心化，而今天的配置中心是将配置文件从分散到中心化，这样便于后续维护。本篇主要以git为例学习使用Spring Cloud Config配置中心。

一、配置中心介绍

在我们了解spring cloud config之前，我可以想想一个配置中心提供的核心功能应该有什么

  • 提供服务端和客户端支持
  • 集中管理各环境的配置文件
  • 配置文件修改之后，可以快速的生效
  • 可以进行版本管理
  • 支持大的并发查询
  • 支持各种语言

Spring Cloud Config可以完美的支持以上所有的需求。

Spring Cloud Config项目是一个解决分布式系统的配置管理方案。它包含了Client和Server两个部分，server提供配置文件的存储、以接口的形式将配置文件的内容提供出去，client通过接口获取数据、并依据此数据初始化自己的应用。Spring cloud使用git或svn存放配置文件，默认情况下使用git，我们先以git为例做一套示例。

二、Server 端

1.准备配置文件

为了演示spring cloud config的使用，这里在github()上创建了config-repo(https://github.com/ywcui/config-repo)仓库.然后在该仓库下创建了3个配置文件neo-config-dev.properties、neo-config-pro.properties、neo-config-test.properties，每个配置文件都设置了属性neo.hello，value分别对应i am dev，i am pro，i am test。

2.创建Spring Cloud Config Server

创建Spring Boot项目并引入Spring Cloud Config Server，具体pom.xml如下：

微服务SpringCloud之Spring Cloud Config配置中心Git微服务SpringCloud之Spring Cloud Config配置中心Git 
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0modelVersion>
    <parent>
        <groupId>org.springframework.bootgroupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parentartifactId>
        <version>2.1.6.RELEASEversion>
        <relativePath/>
    parent>
    <groupId>com.examplegroupId>
    <artifactId>SpringCloudConfigServerartifactId>
    <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOTversion>
    <packaging>warpackaging>
    <name>SpringCloudConfigServername>
    <description>Demo project for Spring Bootdescription>

<span>&lt;</span><span>properties</span><span>&gt;</span>
    <span>&lt;</span><span>java.version</span><span>&gt;</span>1.8<span><span>java.version</span><span>&gt;</span>
    <span>&lt;</span><span>spring-cloud.version</span><span>&gt;</span>Greenwich.SR2<span><span>spring-cloud.version</span><span>&gt;</span>
<span><span>properties</span><span>&gt;</span>

<span>&lt;</span><span>dependencies</span><span>&gt;</span>
    <span>&lt;</span><span>dependency</span><span>&gt;</span>
        <span>&lt;</span><span>groupId</span><span>&gt;</span>org.springframework.boot<span><span>groupId</span><span>&gt;</span>
        <span>&lt;</span><span>artifactId</span><span>&gt;</span>spring-boot-starter-web<span><span>artifactId</span><span>&gt;</span>
    <span><span>dependency</span><span>&gt;</span>
    <span>&lt;</span><span>dependency</span><span>&gt;</span>
        <span>&lt;</span><span>groupId</span><span>&gt;</span>org.springframework.cloud<span><span>groupId</span><span>&gt;</span>
        <span>&lt;</span><span>artifactId</span><span>&gt;</span>spring-cloud-config-server<span><span>artifactId</span><span>&gt;</span>
    <span><span>dependency</span><span>&gt;</span>

    <span>&lt;</span><span>dependency</span><span>&gt;</span>
        <span>&lt;</span><span>groupId</span><span>&gt;</span>org.springframework.boot<span><span>groupId</span><span>&gt;</span>
        <span>&lt;</span><span>artifactId</span><span>&gt;</span>spring-boot-starter-tomcat<span><span>artifactId</span><span>&gt;</span>
        <span>&lt;</span><span>scope</span><span>&gt;</span>provided<span><span>scope</span><span>&gt;</span>
    <span><span>dependency</span><span>&gt;</span>
    <span>&lt;</span><span>dependency</span><span>&gt;</span>
        <span>&lt;</span><span>groupId</span><span>&gt;</span>org.springframework.boot<span><span>groupId</span><span>&gt;</span>
        <span>&lt;</span><span>artifactId</span><span>&gt;</span>spring-boot-starter-test<span><span>artifactId</span><span>&gt;</span>
        <span>&lt;</span><span>scope</span><span>&gt;</span>test<span><span>scope</span><span>&gt;</span>
    <span><span>dependency</span><span>&gt;</span>
<span><span>dependencies</span><span>&gt;</span>

<span>&lt;</span><span>dependencyManagement</span><span>&gt;</span>
    <span>&lt;</span><span>dependencies</span><span>&gt;</span>
        <span>&lt;</span><span>dependency</span><span>&gt;</span>
            <span>&lt;</span><span>groupId</span><span>&gt;</span>org.springframework.cloud<span><span>groupId</span><span>&gt;</span>
            <span>&lt;</span><span>artifactId</span><span>&gt;</span>spring-cloud-dependencies<span><span>artifactId</span><span>&gt;</span>
            <span>&lt;</span><span>version</span><span>&gt;</span>${spring-cloud.version}<span><span>version</span><span>&gt;</span>
            <span>&lt;</span><span>type</span><span>&gt;</span>pom<span><span>type</span><span>&gt;</span>
            <span>&lt;</span><span>scope</span><span>&gt;</span>import<span><span>scope</span><span>&gt;</span>
        <span><span>dependency</span><span>&gt;</span>
    <span><span>dependencies</span><span>&gt;</span>
<span><span>dependencyManagement</span><span>&gt;</span>

<span>&lt;</span><span>build</span><span>&gt;</span>
    <span>&lt;</span><span>plugins</span><span>&gt;</span>
        <span>&lt;</span><span>plugin</span><span>&gt;</span>
            <span>&lt;</span><span>groupId</span><span>&gt;</span>org.springframework.boot<span><span>groupId</span><span>&gt;</span>
            <span>&lt;</span><span>artifactId</span><span>&gt;</span>spring-boot-maven-plugin<span><span>artifactId</span><span>&gt;</span>
        <span><span>plugin</span><span>&gt;</span>
    <span><span>plugins</span><span>&gt;</span>
<span><span>build</span><span>&gt;</span>



project>
View Code

3.设置配置文件


在配置文件中做如下配置:
微服务SpringCloud之Spring Cloud Config配置中心Git微服务SpringCloud之Spring Cloud Config配置中心Git

server.port=8001
spring.application.name=spring-cloud-config-server
spring.cloud.config.server.git.uri=https://github.com/ywcui/config-repo
spring.cloud.config.server.git.search-paths=
spring.cloud.config.server.git.username=用户名
spring.cloud.config.server.git.password=密码



View Code


Spring Cloud Config也提供本地存储配置的方式。我们只需要设置属性spring.profiles.active=native，Config Server会默认从应用的src/main/resource目录下检索配置文件。也可以通过spring.cloud.config.server.native.searchLocations=file:E:/properties/属性来指定配置文件的位置。虽然Spring Cloud Config提供了这样的功能，但是为了支持更好的管理内容和版本控制的功能，还是推荐使用git的方式。


4.启动类设置


只需在启动类中添加@EnableConfigServer即可。


5.测试


首先我们先要测试server端是否可以读取到github上面的配置信息，直接访问：http://localhost:8001/neo-config/test


返回信息如下：


微服务SpringCloud之Spring Cloud Config配置中心Git

如果直接查看配置文件中的配置信息可访问：http://localhost:8001/neo-config-test.properties，返回：neo.hello: i am test


微服务SpringCloud之Spring Cloud Config配置中心Git

仓库中的配置文件会被转换成web接口，访问可以参照以下的规则：
  • /{application}/{profile}[/{label}]
  • /{application}-{profile}.yml
  • /{label}/{application}-{profile}.yml
  • /{application}-{profile}.properties
  • /{label}/{application}-{profile}.properties

三、Client端

1.创建创建Spring Cloud Config Client

创建Spring Boot项目并引入Spring Cloud Config Client，具体pom.xml如下：

微服务SpringCloud之Spring Cloud Config配置中心Git微服务SpringCloud之Spring Cloud Config配置中心Git 
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0modelVersion>
    <parent>
        <groupId>org.springframework.bootgroupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parentartifactId>
        <version>2.1.6.RELEASEversion>
        <relativePath/>
    parent>
    <groupId>com.examplegroupId>
    <artifactId>SpringCloudConfigClientartifactId>
    <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOTversion>
    <packaging>warpackaging>
    <name>SpringCloudConfigClientname>
    <description>Demo project for Spring Bootdescription>

<span>&lt;</span><span>properties</span><span>&gt;</span>
    <span>&lt;</span><span>java.version</span><span>&gt;</span>1.8<span><span>java.version</span><span>&gt;</span>
    <span>&lt;</span><span>spring-cloud.version</span><span>&gt;</span>Greenwich.SR2<span><span>spring-cloud.version</span><span>&gt;</span>
<span><span>properties</span><span>&gt;</span>

<span>&lt;</span><span>dependencies</span><span>&gt;</span>
    <span>&lt;</span><span>dependency</span><span>&gt;</span>
        <span>&lt;</span><span>groupId</span><span>&gt;</span>org.springframework.boot<span><span>groupId</span><span>&gt;</span>
        <span>&lt;</span><span>artifactId</span><span>&gt;</span>spring-boot-starter-web<span><span>artifactId</span><span>&gt;</span>
    <span><span>dependency</span><span>&gt;</span>
    <span>&lt;</span><span>dependency</span><span>&gt;</span>
        <span>&lt;</span><span>groupId</span><span>&gt;</span>org.springframework.cloud<span><span>groupId</span><span>&gt;</span>
        <span>&lt;</span><span>artifactId</span><span>&gt;</span>spring-cloud-starter-config<span><span>artifactId</span><span>&gt;</span>
    <span><span>dependency</span><span>&gt;</span>

    <span>&lt;</span><span>dependency</span><span>&gt;</span>
        <span>&lt;</span><span>groupId</span><span>&gt;</span>org.springframework.boot<span><span>groupId</span><span>&gt;</span>
        <span>&lt;</span><span>artifactId</span><span>&gt;</span>spring-boot-starter-tomcat<span><span>artifactId</span><span>&gt;</span>
        <span>&lt;</span><span>scope</span><span>&gt;</span>provided<span><span>scope</span><span>&gt;</span>
    <span><span>dependency</span><span>&gt;</span>
    <span>&lt;</span><span>dependency</span><span>&gt;</span>
        <span>&lt;</span><span>groupId</span><span>&gt;</span>org.springframework.boot<span><span>groupId</span><span>&gt;</span>
        <span>&lt;</span><span>artifactId</span><span>&gt;</span>spring-boot-starter-test<span><span>artifactId</span><span>&gt;</span>
        <span>&lt;</span><span>scope</span><span>&gt;</span>test<span><span>scope</span><span>&gt;</span>
    <span><span>dependency</span><span>&gt;</span>
<span><span>dependencies</span><span>&gt;</span>

<span>&lt;</span><span>dependencyManagement</span><span>&gt;</span>
    <span>&lt;</span><span>dependencies</span><span>&gt;</span>
        <span>&lt;</span><span>dependency</span><span>&gt;</span>
            <span>&lt;</span><span>groupId</span><span>&gt;</span>org.springframework.cloud<span><span>groupId</span><span>&gt;</span>
            <span>&lt;</span><span>artifactId</span><span>&gt;</span>spring-cloud-dependencies<span><span>artifactId</span><span>&gt;</span>
            <span>&lt;</span><span>version</span><span>&gt;</span>${spring-cloud.version}<span><span>version</span><span>&gt;</span>
            <span>&lt;</span><span>type</span><span>&gt;</span>pom<span><span>type</span><span>&gt;</span>
            <span>&lt;</span><span>scope</span><span>&gt;</span>import<span><span>scope</span><span>&gt;</span>
        <span><span>dependency</span><span>&gt;</span>
    <span><span>dependencies</span><span>&gt;</span>
<span><span>dependencyManagement</span><span>&gt;</span>

<span>&lt;</span><span>build</span><span>&gt;</span>
    <span>&lt;</span><span>plugins</span><span>&gt;</span>
        <span>&lt;</span><span>plugin</span><span>&gt;</span>
            <span>&lt;</span><span>groupId</span><span>&gt;</span>org.springframework.boot<span><span>groupId</span><span>&gt;</span>
            <span>&lt;</span><span>artifactId</span><span>&gt;</span>spring-boot-maven-plugin<span><span>artifactId</span><span>&gt;</span>
        <span><span>plugin</span><span>&gt;</span>
    <span><span>plugins</span><span>&gt;</span>
<span><span>build</span><span>&gt;</span>



project>
View Code

2.设置配置文件


准备application.properties、bootstrap.properties两个配置文件


application.properties:


spring.application.name=spring-cloud-config-client
server.port=8002



bootstrap.properties：


spring.cloud.config.name=neo-config
spring.cloud.config.profile=test
spring.cloud.config.uri=http://localhost:8001/
spring.cloud.config.label=master



spring.application.name：对应{application}部分
spring.cloud.config.profile：对应{profile}部分
spring.cloud.config.label：对应git的分支。如果配置中心使用的是本地存储，则该参数无用
spring.cloud.config.uri：配置中心的具体地址
spring.cloud.config.discovery.service-id：指定配置中心的service-id，便于扩展为高可用配置集群。


上面这些与spring-cloud相关的属性必须配置在bootstrap.properties中，config部分内容才能被正确加载。因为config的相关配置会先于application.properties，而bootstrap.properties的加载也是先于application.properties。


3.创建HelloController


在HelloController中使用@Value注入属性neo.hello。
微服务SpringCloud之Spring Cloud Config配置中心Git微服务SpringCloud之Spring Cloud Config配置中心Git

package com.example.demo;

import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;

@RestController
public class HelloController {
    @Value("${neo.hello}")
    private String hello;

    @RequestMapping("/hello")
    public String from() {
        return this.hello;
    }
}



View Code


4.测试


在浏览器中输入http://localhost:8002/hello，则显示下图所示。


微服务SpringCloud之Spring Cloud Config配置中心Git

参考:http://www.ityouknow.com/springcloud/2017/05/22/springcloud-config-git.html




Original: https://www.cnblogs.com/5ishare/p/11305689.html
Author: 社会主义接班人
Title: 微服务SpringCloud之Spring Cloud Config配置中心Git

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