Python地图栅格化实例

Python地图栅格化实例

引言

shapefileGIS中的一种非常重要的数据类型,由 ESRI开发的空间数据开放格式,目前该数据格式已经成为了 GIS领域的开放标准。目前绝大多数开源以及收费的 GIS软件都支持该数据类型。事实上, shapefile文件指的一种文件存储的方法,实际上该种文件是由多个文件组成的。组成一个 shapefile有三种文件必不可少, ‘.shp’,’.shx’,’.dbf’文件。

geopandasshapefile提供了很好的读取与写出支持。 geopandas库允许对几何类型进行空间操作,其中 DataFrame结构相当于 GIS数据中的一张属性表,使得可以直接操作矢量数据属性表,使得python中操作地理数据更加方便。本实例通过 geopandas实现对地理数据的操作。

开发准备

由于 geopandas库的安装需要一些前提库,因此需要先安装一些库

pip install pipwin
pipwin install gdal
pipwin install fiona
pip install geopandas

实测以上方法可以成功在windows下安装(注:如果在Anaconda下安装 geopandas更为方便)

数据准备

下载地址

该数据是一段GPS扫描数据,包含经纬度。

代码实例

环境引入
import geopandas as gp
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
from shapely import geometry
import math
GPS数据处理
lake_original_path = 'data.txt'
lake_original_data = ''
lake_points = []
# 读取文件
with open(lake_original_path) as f:
    lake_original_data = f.read()
# 处理经纬度坐标 并以Point的形式添加到list中
for xy in lake_original_data.split(';'):
    x, _, y = xy.partition(',')
    x = float(x.strip()) / 100
    y = float(y.strip()) / 100
    lake_points.append(geometry.Point(y, x))
创建要素
# 创建线状要素
lake_line = geometry.LineString(lake_points)
# crs指定坐标系
lake_ = gp.GeoSeries(lake_line, crs='EPSG:4326')
# 保存shp文件
lake_.to_file("boundary.shp", driver='ESRI Shapefile', encoding='utf-8')
# 记录边界条件 用于构建栅格
x_min, y_min, x_max, y_max = lake_line.bounds[:4]
# 绘图
lake_.plot()
plt.show()

Python地图栅格化实例
构建栅格
# 栅格大小
GRID_WIDTH = 0.009 * 2 / 100
grid_rows_num = int(math.ceil((y_max - y_min) / float(GRID_WIDTH)))
grid_columns_num = int(math.ceil((x_max - x_min) / float(GRID_WIDTH)))
grids = []
for r in range(grid_rows_num):
    for c in range(grid_columns_num):
        grid_4coords = []
        # 左上角
        x_lt = x_min + c * GRID_WIDTH
        y_lt = y_max - r * GRID_WIDTH
        # 右上角
        x_rt = x_lt + GRID_WIDTH
        y_rt = y_lt
        # 左下角
        x_lb = x_lt
        y_lb = y_lt - GRID_WIDTH
        # 右下角
        x_rb = x_rt
        y_rb = y_lb
        # 两个三角形拼接一个栅格
        grid_4coords.append(geometry.Point(x_lt,y_lt))
        grid_4coords.append(geometry.Point(x_rt,y_rt))
        grid_4coords.append(geometry.Point(x_rb,y_rb))
        grid_4coords.append(geometry.Point(x_lb,y_lb))
        grid_4coords.append(geometry.Point(x_lt,y_lt))
        # 创建一个网格
        grids.append(geometry.LineString(grid_4coords))
grid_ = gp.GeoSeries(grids)
grid_.to_file('E:\\just\\海韵湖智能技术实验场\\data\\grids.shp',driver='ESRI Shapefile', encoding='utf-8')
grid_.plot()
plt.show()

Python地图栅格化实例
要素叠加
# 要素叠加
elements = [lake_line]
elements += grids
elements_ = gp.GeoSeries(elements)
elements_.to_file('elements.shp', driver='ESRI Shapefile', encoding='utf-8')
elements_.plot()
plt.show()

Python地图栅格化实例

参考链接

python-geopandas读取、创建shapefile文件、geopandas学习教程

GeoPandas官方文档

基于arcpy实现导出区域内网格中心坐标功能

gepandas安装问题

Original: https://www.cnblogs.com/cnpolaris/p/16789522.html
Author: CNPolaris
Title: Python地图栅格化实例



相关阅读

Title: Django报错:ImportError: DLL load failed while importing _sqlite3: 找不到指定的模块

前言:

PyCharm下使用Anaconda中的Python虚拟环境,创建Django项目时报错,其中Django是使用命令行 pip install Django安装的,报错截图和代码如下:

Python地图栅格化实例
创建 Django 应用程序时出错: Python 端错误。退出代码: 1,错误: Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "C:\Users\suyin\Desktop\restaurant\manage.py", line 22, in <module>
    main()
  File "C:\Users\suyin\Desktop\restaurant\manage.py", line 18, in main
    execute_from_command_line(sys.argv)
  File "C:\Users\suyin\.conda\envs\restaurant\lib\site-packages\django\core\management\__init__.py", line 419, in execute_from_command_line
    utility.execute()
  File "C:\Users\suyin\.conda\envs\restaurant\lib\site-packages\django\core\management\__init__.py", line 395, in execute
    django.setup()
  File "C:\Users\suyin\.conda\envs\restaurant\lib\site-packages\django\__init__.py", line 24, in setup
    apps.populate(settings.INSTALLED_APPS)
  File "C:\Users\suyin\.conda\envs\restaurant\lib\site-packages\django\apps\registry.py", line 114, in populate
    app_config.import_models()
  File "C:\Users\suyin\.conda\envs\restaurant\lib\site-packages\django\apps\config.py", line 301, in import_models
    self.models_module = import_module(models_module_name)
  File "C:\Users\suyin\.conda\envs\restaurant\lib\importlib\__init__.py", line 127, in import_module
    return _bootstrap._gcd_import(name[level:], package, level)
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 1030, in _gcd_import
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 1007, in _find_and_load
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 986, in _find_and_load_unlocked
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 680, in _load_unlocked
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap_external>", line 855, in exec_module
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 228, in _call_with_frames_removed
  File "C:\Users\suyin\.conda\envs\restaurant\lib\site-packages\django\contrib\auth\models.py", line 3, in <module>
    from django.contrib.auth.base_user import AbstractBaseUser, BaseUserManager
  File "C:\Users\suyin\.conda\envs\restaurant\lib\site-packages\django\contrib\auth\base_user.py", line 48, in <module>
    class AbstractBaseUser(models.Model):
  File "C:\Users\suyin\.conda\envs\restaurant\lib\site-packages\django\db\models\base.py", line 122, in __new__
    new_class.add_to_class('_meta', Options(meta, app_label))
  File "C:\Users\suyin\.conda\envs\restaurant\lib\site-packages\django\db\models\base.py", line 326, in add_to_class
    value.contribute_to_class(cls, name)
  File "C:\Users\suyin\.conda\envs\restaurant\lib\site-packages\django\db\models\options.py", line 207, in contribute_to_class
    self.db_table = truncate_name(self.db_table, connection.ops.max_name_length())
  File "C:\Users\suyin\.conda\envs\restaurant\lib\site-packages\django\utils\connection.py", line 15, in __getattr__
    return getattr(self._connections[self._alias], item)
  File "C:\Users\suyin\.conda\envs\restaurant\lib\site-packages\django\utils\connection.py", line 62, in __getitem__
    conn = self.create_connection(alias)
  File "C:\Users\suyin\.conda\envs\restaurant\lib\site-packages\django\db\utils.py", line 204, in create_connection
    backend = load_backend(db['ENGINE'])
  File "C:\Users\suyin\.conda\envs\restaurant\lib\site-packages\django\db\utils.py", line 111, in load_backend
    return import_module('%s.base' % backend_name)
  File "C:\Users\suyin\.conda\envs\restaurant\lib\importlib\__init__.py", line 127, in import_module
    return _bootstrap._gcd_import(name[level:], package, level)
  File "C:\Users\suyin\.conda\envs\restaurant\lib\site-packages\django\db\backends\sqlite3\base.py", line 15, in <module>
    from sqlite3 import dbapi2 as Database
  File "C:\Users\suyin\.conda\envs\restaurant\lib\sqlite3\__init__.py", line 23, in <module>
    from sqlite3.dbapi2 import *
  File "C:\Users\suyin\.conda\envs\restaurant\lib\sqlite3\dbapi2.py", line 27, in <module>
    from _sqlite3 import *
ImportError: DLL load failed while importing _sqlite3: &#x627E;&#x4E0D;&#x5230;&#x6307;&#x5B9A;&#x7684;&#x6A21;&#x5757;&#x3002;
&#xFF0C;&#x8F93;&#x51FA;:
</module></module></module></module></module></frozen></frozen></frozen></frozen></frozen></frozen></module>

环境

  • Python版本:3.9.5
  • Django版本:3.2.4
  • conda版本:4.10.1
  • Anaconda Navigator版本:2.0.3

报错原因

PyCharm在Anaconda虚拟环境下找不到sqlite3相关的模块

解决方案(步骤)

我这里以Windows 64位系统为例:

  1. SQLite官网下载sqlite3,如图:
    Python地图栅格化实例
  2. 解压文件 sqlite-dll-win64-x64-3360000.zip
  3. 将解压后的文件 sqlite3.defsqlite3.dll复制到你Django项目所依赖的虚拟环境下的DLLs目录中,如图:
    Python地图栅格化实例
  4. 重启PyCharm,然后再创建Django项目即可

; 备用链接

下载sqlite3可能需要梯子,下载不下来的话可以用我这里下载好的
密码:15kn

Original: https://blog.csdn.net/qq_34562959/article/details/118283732
Author: 苏寅
Title: Django报错:ImportError: DLL load failed while importing _sqlite3: 找不到指定的模块

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